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This report was developed under the ‘Users Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) by the International Energy Agency (IEA) Task on Hard-to-Reach (HTR) Energy Users’. The Task aims to provide country participants with the opportunity to share and exchange successful approaches identifying and better engaging HTR energy users. Under the Task, HTR energy users are broadly defined as 'any energy use
What explains affective polarization among voters and societal groups? Much of the existing literature focusing on mass political polarization in modern democracies originates in the US, where studies have shown that, while ideological separation has grown, political conflict increasingly reflects social identity divisions rather than policy disagreements, resulting in affective polarization. We f
The contribution of this chapter to our volume is fourfold. First, we look at why we should study legislative debates and how scholars may benefit from representation, legislative politics, party politics, and electoral studies by incorporating debates in their analysis. In so doing, we unpack their functions in liberal democracies. Second, the chapter offers a state of the art of the burgeoning f
The Swedish Riksdag is often regarded as an ideal type for Scandinavian or Nordic parliamentarism. This relates to institutional features and party cohesion, but more often so to descriptive representation in terms of gender—an aspect where Sweden's parliament has consistently occupied the top position among European parliaments during the last decades. However, and despite an unlikely-case-char
Cardinality and rank functions are ideal ways of regularizing under-determined linear systems, but optimization of the resulting formulations is made difficult since both these penalties are non-convex and discontinuous. The most common remedy is to instead use the ℓ1- and nuclear norms. While these are convex and can therefore be reliably optimized, they suffer from a shrinking bias that degrades
The lack of methods to evaluate mechanical function of donated hearts in the context of transplantation imposes large precautionary margins, translating into a low utilization rate of donor organs. This has spawned research into cyber-physical models constituting artificial afterloads (arterial trees), that can serve to evaluate the contractile capacity of the donor heart.The Windkessel model is a
Putins invasion av Ukraina var – till skillnad från vad vissa menat – högst väntat och Putins agerande är i linje med den ryska säkerhetspolitiska strategin. Putin är varken galen eller oförutsägbar. Det är också för tidigt att säga att den ryska invasionen är misslyckad eftersom att mycket tyder på att den ryska strategin går ut på att utmatta motståndaren. Det skriver statsvetaren Ardavan KhoshnPutin's invasion of Ukraine was - contrary to popular belief - highly anticipated and Putin's actions are in line with Russia's security policy strategy. Putin is neither crazy nor unpredictable. It is also too early to say that the Russian invasion has failed because there are many indications that the Russian strategy is to exhaust the opponent. This is what political scientist Ardavan Khoshnood
Land subsidence is an increasing human-induced disaster that not only damages building and transportation structures but also diminishes the water storage capacity of the aquifers. Land subsidence is a very complex phenomenon impacted by various geo-environmental and hydrological factors. Application of the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is becoming a common approach to detect la
A cohesive society is not only characterised by the availability of basic services and facilities, but also promotes economic equality and inclusion, democracy, and social solidarity. Forced displacement due to disasters and conflict constantly disrupt the path to a sustainable and cohesive society. Displaced communities often struggle with a lack of access to livelihood and a lack of financial in
