In this chapter, the author presents a brief introduction of marketing and market research, and subsequently highlights the contemporary developments that influence current thinking in these areas. By familiarizing marketing academics and practitioners with the state-of-the-art discussions, this chapter aims at improving the knowledge and understanding of marketing and market research, as well as

En grundläggande fråga i den allmänna förvaltningsrätten är var gränserna ska gå för möjligheten att ändra meddelade beslut. I svensk förvaltningsrätt har denna fråga traditionellt besvarats med hjälp av principer om (förvaltningsrättslig) negativ rättskraft. I EU-rätten har det däremot under inflytande av andra medlemsstaters rättstraditioner utvecklats en unionsrättslig princip om skydd för berä

Computational approaches are essential to study the effects of inborn and somatic variations. Results from such studies contribute to better diagnosis and therapies. Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are rare inborn defects of key immune response genes. Somatic variations are main drivers of most cancers. Large and diverse data on PID genes and proteins can enable systems biology studies on their

All fluorine atoms in fluoride compounds discussed in this book were synthesized in the stars or in stellar processes well before the solar system was formed some 4.6. billion years ago. The main cosmic production sites are, however, still elusive. This is not only because it is challenging to empirically determine the buildup of fluorine abundance in the universe over time, but also because of th

Art and Music Schools (kulturskolor) are present in about 97% of Sweden’s municipalities, reaching over 400.000 children and adolescents both in activities outside of and in collaboration with compulsory schools. A national policy has never been established for Art and Music Schools, possibly owing to the fact that they are not considered part of the Swedish education system, but instead stem from

Current anthropogenic climate change is the result of greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere, which records the aggregation of billions of individual decisions. Here we consider a broad range of individual lifestyle choices and calculate their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in developed countries, based on 148 scenarios from 39 sources. We recommend four widely applicable high

Executing an accurate full-reference metric such as VQM can take minutes in an average computer for just one user. Therefore, it can be unfeasible to analyze all the videos received by users in an IPTV network for example consisting of 10.000 users using a single computer running the VQM metric. One solution can be to use a lightweight no-reference metrics in addition to the full-reference metric

Understanding of recombination and photoconductivity dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers in GaxIn1-xP NWs is essential for their optoelectronic applications. In this letter, we have studied a series of GaxIn1-xP NWs with varied Ga composition. Time-resolved photoinduced luminescence, femtosecond transient absorption, and time-resolved THz transmission measurements were performed to assess r

The worldwide blood shortage has generated demands for alternatives to transfusible human blood. One such important option is based on recombinant hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (rHBOCs). Most efforts have been focused on various E. coli based production systems. One of the key challenges in these systems is to devise an efficient and economical protein production strategy involving selection of

Lynn Sagan's conjecture (1967) that three of the fundamental organelles observed in eukaryote cells, specifically mitochondria, plastids and flagella were once free-living primitive (prokaryotic) cells was accepted after considerable opposition. Even though the idea was swiftly refuted for the specific case of origins of flagella in eukaryotes, the symbiosis model in general was accepted for decad

In this paper, we introduce a new simple but powerful general technique for the study of edge- and vertex-reinforced processes with super-linear reinforcement, based on the use of order statistics for the number of edge, respectively of vertex, traversals. The technique relies on upper bound estimates for the number of edge traversals, proved in a different context by Cotar and Limic [Ann. Appl. P

A representation of the two-loop contribution to the pion decay constant in SU(3) chiral perturbation theory is presented. The result is analytic up to the contribution of the three (different) mass sunset integrals, for which an expansion in their external momentum has been taken. We also give an analytic expression for the two-loop contribution to the pion mass based on a renormalized representa

In the cloud computing service model, users consume computation resources provided through the Internet, often without any awareness of the cloud service provider that owns and operates the supporting hardware infrastructure. This marks an important change compared to earlier models of computation, for example when such supporting hardware infrastructure was under the control of the user. Given th

In the present study, we applied a regularized inversion method to extract the particle size, magnetic moment and relaxation-time distribution of magnetic nanoparticles from small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), DC magnetization (DCM) and AC susceptibility (ACS) measurements. For the measurements the particles were colloidally dispersed in water. At first approximation the particles could be assume

We present a detailed study of open heavy flavor production in high-energy pp collisions at the LHC in the color dipole framework. The transverse momentum distributions of produced b-jets, accounting for the jet energy loss, as well as produced open charm D and bottom B mesons in distinct rapidity intervals relevant for LHC measurements are computed. The dipole model results for the differential b