Lack of oxygen delivery to the cells results in excessive production of oxygen free radicals in the cells leading to a pathological condition postulated as hypoxia. One of the most crucial transcription factors that can adapt to the fluctuating levels of hypoxia is Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is amongst the common lung diseases majorly caused

Kan virus skydda oss från tarminflammation? En generell uppfattning är virus gör oss sjuka, men faktum är att vår tarm alltid är fylld av biljontals mikroorganismer, allt från bakterier till virus och svamp. Hur kommer det sig då att vi inte är konstant sjuka? Anledningen är att vi lever i symbios med mikroorganismerna. En störning i denna balans kan göra oss sjuka, det kan till och med resulteraIn recent time the prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) has increased, especially in developed countries. In these diseases the gut homeostasis is disturbed due to multiple factors such as the hosts own immune system, environmental factors, as well as genetic predisposition. The microbiome has previously shown to be important for the maintenance of the gut homeostasis. Despite being le

Unilateral coercive measures are a foreign policy tool that are thousands of years old and used by states in response to foreign policy concerns. Their use has become more common throughout the 21st Century, and this raises concerns from a human rights perspective. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that unilateral coercive measures exacerbate suffering and add additional human rights vi

Kan fysisk träning förbättra T-cellers anti-tumörfunktion? Att träning har mängder av positiva påverkan på människans fysiska och psykiska hälsa råder inget tvivel om inom den medicinska världen. Detta har man länge kunnat påvisa genom studier på både djur, exempelvis möss, och människor som utsatts för träning. Och träning är just medicin – medicin som också påvisats ha en effekt mot den mest alDuring the last century, an increasingly sedentary lifestyle has emerged in modern societies. A lack of exercise is detrimental to global health and physical inactivity is now according to the World Health Organization the fourth leading risk factor for premature mortality. Physical inactivity is associated with increased risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease

Role of SADB Kinase in DNA damage repair In the everyday life our bodies are exposed to environmental insults, such as the sunlight, which damage our genes. In addition, the cells in our body also face constant threats from within that causes damage to DNA. These damage can lead to alteration in genes and changes to the DNA molecule that can affect its ability to maintain healthiness. Luckily, ou

Amfibier i dagvattendammar — vad vet vi? Bor du i en stad men har hört grodor kväka under sommarmånaderna? Då är det inte osannolikt att de satt och ropade på varandra i en dagvattendamm. Amfibier brukar kanske inte alltid förknippas med stadsnära miljöer, men förutom att bidra med vattenrening och flödesutjämning, så kan dagvattendammar agera nattklubb och barnkammare. (För att inte tala om inseAmid an anthropogenic sixth mass extinction, amphibians are among the most threatened organism groups. This can be explained largely by the loss and fragmentation of natural wetlands due to agricultural activities and urbanisation. Stormwater retention ponds are designed both to provide flood control and to collect and purify runoff from impervious surfaces but could also serve as amphibian habita

Microcystis blooms are implicated in toxic algal blooms worldwide due to the production of toxins microcystins. Blooms have caused poisoning of humans and other animals, and annually contribute to economic loss. The biological role of microcystin synthesis by the genus Microcystis remains an unanswered question. Consequently, the factors that select for microcystin producing (toxic) phenotypes ove

En av de största utmaningarna världen står inför är omställningen från icke-förnyelsebara till förnyelsebara energikällor. Vissa av de förnyelsebara energikällorna, såsom vind- och solkraft har dock ett problem, nämligen att energin från dessa källor är svåra att lagra. När det blåser mycket eller solen lyser starkt produceras ibland mer energi (elektricitet) än vad som förbrukas, och då går dennaAlkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) is an interesting and attractive alternative to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) due to the potential use of non-precious catalysts which can reduce the overall cost of the fuel cell. An important component of the AEMFC is the anion conducting membrane. This membrane needs to possess several important properties such as a high hydroxide cond

Texter är en ofrånkomlig del av många museiutställningar och har till uppgift att ta det obekanta och avlägsna närmare besökaren. Denna undersökning utforskar hur texter i Nordiska Museets utställning “Arktis – medan isen smälter” gör för att förmedla det komplexa och svårgreppbara ämnet klimatförändringar till sina besökare. Metoden kombinerar interpersonell analys som beskriven i Lennart Hellspo

This study examines if inhabitants of different municipalities in Sweden are more harshly affected given an increase in gasoline tax. This is done by examining the demand elasticities and consumer surplus loss using a panel Error Correction Model. The results show that inhabitants of rural municipalities are more unresponsive and lose out more consumer surplus from a hypothetical increase in the t

Effects of TGFβ on the extra cellular matrix and its architects the fibroblasts Fibroblasts are the main architects of the extra cellular matrix (ECM), the non-cellular structure, surrounding the cells throughout the body. The ECM and fibroblasts are constantly communicating with neighboring cells, and an imbalanced ECM state can have detrimental impacts in the organism. In diseases like cancer,

Kostnads-nyttoanalyser används inom många sektorer av samhället för att utvärdera och jämföra olika investeringars lönsamhet. När kostnads-nyttoanalyser tillämpas på riskreducerande åtgärder innebär det ett avvägande mellan kostnad och säkerhet, vilket medför både praktiska och etiska utmaningar. Planeringen för byggande av nya, och utveckling av befintliga, vägar och järnvägar är omfattande proCost benefit analysis is a valuable tool for making sustainable decisions in many sectors of society. This master thesis examines the application of cost benefit analysis for safety measures in infrastructure planning in Sweden with the aim to identify difficulties and possible improvements. This was accomplished by examining implemented cost benefit analyses and performing qualitative interviews

The construction workflow of in-situ concrete frames in multi-storey residential buildings is highly complex and dynamic. Discrete-event simulation (DES) offers capabilities to model and analyse such complexity. Although DES has successfully been used by researchers in a wide range of construction-related applications there are not many examples demonstrating how different simulation outputs (time

This report presents an integrated simulation-based approach to study the on-site production of concrete frameworks by considering the multiple effects of weather on work task productivity and concrete curing process. The suggested approach enable to systematically study how different weather conditions and the use of climate-improved concrete in combination with different methods to shield concre

Sustainability-driven businesses combine the principles of conventional for-profit companies with a strong commitment to their social and environmental credentials. This structure enables them to address social problems in an economically sustainable manner and to capitalise on consumer demand for responsibly-made products. The growth of sustainability-driven companies is often seen as another suc

Inledning och problembakgrund redogör för hur digitaliseringen förändrar både människor och organisationers praktiker och hur detta på olika vis påverkar handeln. Tidigare forskning på området har antingen fokuserat på servicearbetet eller på konsumenters och organisationers användning av teknologi. Treadgold och Reynolds (2016) tillsammans med Fuentes och Svingstedt (2017) tar upp digitaliseringe

Ultraljud och mikrochip kan hjälpa oss att förstå cancer bättre En tumör och dess omgivning spelar stor roll i hur cancer utvecklas och genom att förstå vilka celler den består av och sortera ut de viktigaste kan man öka kunskapen om hur cancern bäst ska bekämpas. I detta arbete har immunceller från sådan upplöst bröstvävnad sorteras ut med hjälp av ett mikrochip med små kanaler samt en ultraljudThe aim of this thesis was to compare different ways of dissociating tissue - specifically breast cancer tissue - and sorting out tumour cells and immune cells from the dissociated tissue using acoustophoresis in a microfluidic chip. Due to ethical issues with using tumour tissues to work on the methodology of a project, ultimately only healthy breast tissue was used in this work. Two dissociatio

The study investigates the design of kené, a geometrical pattern originated in the culture of Shipibo, in relation to Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattaris’ philosophical term rhizome. Kené is, besides the nowadays more influential part of the Shipibo material culture of handicraft, historically connected to healing practices which includes the hallucinogenic brew ayahuasca. The thesis is an autoethn

Around 60 million people around the world are struggling with a traumatic brain or spinal cord injury. The swelling of the brain or spinal cord happen when the water content in the CNS increase due, infection, tumor growth or brain edema. AQP4 is a membrane water channel which mediates the water flux across the blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood spinal-cord barrier (BSCB). We believe that protein