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Economic thinking in global health refers to how framings, metaphors and concepts from economics are used in describing the health of a population and in designing interventions. In this article, I briefly examine the history of economic thinking in global health. I then review discussions over the economic aspects of health at the 5th World Health Assembly in 1952, based in part on an

Gene-expression profiling can be used to classify human tumors into molecular subtypes or risk groups, representing potential future clinical tools for treatment prediction and prognostication. However, it is less well-known how prognostic gene signatures derived in one malignancy perform in a pan-cancer context. In this study, a gene-rule-based single sample predictor (SSP) called classifier for

Collections of sayings of the desert fathers and mothers are extant in manuscripts in many languages and are organized differently. They are ‘fixed-content miscellanies’ (FCM): they include material that belongs to the same genre, but is variable both when it comes to appearance and order. Distance measurement methods are particularly suitable for large text traditions including variable content i

In 1975, Sweden extended voting rights in local elections to immigrants without Swedish citizenship (resident aliens). In this essay, motives behind the reform are analysed and it is argued that these were based on a wish to speed up the integration of immigrants rather than on normative ideas about the nature of democracy. In fact, the reform was seen as a part of the emerging Swedish integration

Clinical expertise has since 1891 a Swedish counterpart in proven experience. This study aims to increase our understanding of clinicians’ views of their professional expertise, both as a source or body of knowledge and as a skill or quality. We examine how Swedish healthcare personnel view their expertise as captured by the (legally and culturally relevant) Swedish concept of “proven experience,”Clinical expertise has since 1891 a Swedish counterpart in proven experience. This study aims to increase our understanding of clinicians’ views of their professional expertise, both as a source or body of knowledge and as a skill or quality. We examine how Swedish healthcare personnel view their expertise as captured by the (legally and culturally relevant) Swedish concept of “proven experience,”

Cell immobilization and co-culture techniques have gained attention due to its potential to obtain high volumetric hydrogen productivities (QH2). Chitosan retained biomass in the fermentation of co-cultures of Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus and C. owensensis efficiently, up to a maximum dilution rate (D) of 0.9 h−1. Without chitosan, wash out of the co-culture occurred earlier, accompanied w

We propose that leaders play a more important role in voters' party sympathy in proportional representation systems (PR) than previous research has suggested. Voters, from the 2018 Swedish General Election, were in an experiment asked to describe leaders and parties with three indicative keywords. Statistical models were conducted on these text data to predict their vote choice. The results show t

Different types of well-being are likely to be associated with different kinds of behaviors. The first objective of this study was, from a subjective well-being perspective, to examine whether harmony in life and satisfaction with life are related differently to cooperative behaviors depending on individuals' social value orientation. The second objective was, from a methodological perspective, to

Growth and hydrogen production by two extreme thermophiles during sugar fermentation was investigated. In cultures of Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus grown on sucrose and Thermotoga elfii grown on glucose stoichiometries of 3.3 mol of hydrogen and 2 mol of acetate per mol C6-sugar unit were obtained. The hydrogen level was about 83% of the theoretical maximum. C. saccharolyticus and T. elfi

The US Office of the Director of National Intelligence recently released its annual threat assessment, in which Iran is mentioned no fewer than 60 times as part of a “diverse array of threats” facing the US. Iran is moving toward its goal of full domination of Iraq and the expulsion of the last remaining US forces from that country, a result that would represent a great success for the Islamic Rep

Because biomass is a widely available, renewable resource, its utilisation for the production of energy has great potential for reducing CO2 emissions and thereby preventing global warming. In this mini-review the `state of the art' of several fermentation processes is discussed, starting with the most advanced process of ethanol production. This is followed by methane production, an established p

Induction heating of CFRP is an energy-efficient and fast method that may be used for example during consolidation of thermoset-based CFRP or welding of thermoplastic-based CFRP. This study investigates how induction heating of CFRP is affected by the temperature dependence of the thermal and electrical properties and presents a simple numerical model for computation of the temperature distributio

Service meshes factor out code dealing with inter-micro-service communication, such as circuit breaking. Circuit breaking actuation is currently limited to an "on/off" switch, i.e., a tripped circuit breaker will return an application-level error indicating service unavailability to the calling micro-service. This paper proposes a soft circuit breaker actuator, which returns cached data instead of

Grocery retail is going through a rapid shift and retailers are moving towards omni-channel. Omni-channel means that a retailer has multiple channels in which thecustomer can move seamlessly, with the back-end organised to make this possible.While the grocery-retail sector has started to see a rapid growth in online sales,omni-channel grocery retailers are struggling with profitability in their on

This 'Scandia utblick' discusses the continued development of the history of emotions from when the field was introduced in Scandia ten years ago until the present day.

Mindre än två månader – så kort kan tiden enligt uppskattningar vara från upptäckten av ett virus med pandemisk potential till dess att virusets spridning över världen når exponentiell takt. Nationella regeringar och myndigheter har därför kort tid på sig för att i samråd med internationella organ planera och införa åtgärder för att hindra eller begränsa smittspridningen inom respektive land.I det