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We study experimentally the influence of the intensity of the infrared (IR) probe field on attosecond pulse train (APT) phase measurements performed with the RABITT method (Reconstruction of Attosecond Beating by Interference in Two-Photon Transitions). We find that if a strong IR field is applied, the attosecond pulses will appear to have lower-than-actual chirp rates. We also observe the onset o
Objective: To find useful methods for the studies of cognitive function during a postprandial period, and to use these methods to evaluate function after test meals differing in post meal glycaemia. Subjects/Methods: Forty healthy volunteers aged 49–70 years were studied. A glucose solution (glucose 50 g) was provided through either a bolus or sipping regimen at breakfast to simulate a high-GI or
The physical properties of water and the environment it presents to its inhabitants provide stringent constraints and selection pressures affecting aquatic adaptation and evolution. Mosasaurs (a group of secondarily aquatic reptiles that occupied a broad array of predatory niches in the Cretaceous marine ecosystems about 98-65 million years ago) have traditionally been considered as anguilliform l
Particle image velocimetry is performed on a model of a high pressure homogenizer, scaled for qualitative similarity of the one phase turbulent flow field in a production scale homogenizer. Flow fields in gap entrance, gap and gap outlet chamber are obtained with high resolution. The measurements show gap flow development and formation of a turbulent wall adherent jet when exiting into the outlet
Resistance to complement mediated killing, or serum resistance, is a common trait of pathogenic bacteria. Rck is a 17 kDa outer membrane protein encoded on the virulence plasmid of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis. When expressed in either E. coli or S. enterica Typhimurium, Rck confers LPS-independent serum resistance as well as the ability to bind to and invade mammalian
The purpose of this thesis is to study the formation of opinions in issues related to the problem area of Christianity and culture of Public Theologian J A Eklund (1863-1945). The concept of Public Theologian refers to a theologian, who by participating in the cultural debate, strives to convince the public that Christianity is a superior theory of life even in modern society, and of Christianity’
The effects of a driver assistance system for keeping safe speed and safe distance (referred to as SASPENCE) on driver behaviour, reactions and acceptance were evaluated in a test carried out in 2006. Twenty test drivers, recruited by ads, drove two times (once with the system off and once with the system on) in real traffic conditions along a 50 km long test route containing urban and rural roads
The reactor containment is one of the most important buildings at a nuclear power plant. In case of an accident the containment wall is the final protection against radioactive leakage to the surrounding environment. A reactor containment contains different types of concrete structures. They can be grouped as external structures constituting a barrier between the inside of the containment and the
Popular Abstract in Swedish Abdominellt aortaaneurysm, (AAA) är termen på en utvidgning av den storakroppspulsådern i dess förlopp i bukhålan. Fyra av fem drabbade är äldre män och rökning är vanligt förekommande. Sjukdomen, som innebär en succesivt ökande diameter på kroppspulsådern kan på siktmedföra en bristning, ruptur av kroppspulsådern och patientens nära förestående död. Oupptäckt och utan Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, AAA, is mainly a silent disease that mainly affects elderly males with a history of tobacco use, but when rupture occur most affected dies. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has made it possible to treat more fragile and elderly patients with advanced co-morbidities. The benefit of EVAR might be questionable in relation to all cause mortality in some patients. Hence,
: This chapter introduces the basic principle and the synthetic aspects of molecular imprinting. First, the use of a molecular template to guide the location of functional groups inside molecularly imprinted cavities is explained. Three different mechanisms that ensure a molecular template associates with functional monomers or the imprinted polymers, that is, through reversible covalent, noncoval
Teachers in Social Studies can benefit from geographical perspectives in their teaching of Social Studies in elementary and high school. The aim is to connect geographical perspectives to various social processes and to integrate it in teaching of Social Studies. But how can the relevance of geographical perspectives in an education for teachers in Social Studies be motivated and to what benefits
This paper is a discussion of the balance between two forms for the voter to express his/her opinions: to elect a representative in general elections and to take part in a referendum on a specific question. It deals with some of the problems in this relationship from the Swedish experience from the democratization around 1900 until today’s discussion. It also discusses the constitutional and legal
Abstract: In the interface, between implant and bone or between the cement and bone, there will develop some amount of fibrous tissue. The synovial fluid, the synovium, the cartilage and the subchondral bone from the non-replaced knee compartment that had been exposed to wear particles were studied by histological analyses. These analyses showed polyethylene wear particles in all tissues except t
The role of caveolae in stretch- vs. flow-induced vascular responses was investigated using caveolin-1 deficient (KO) mice. Portal veins were stretched longitudinally for 5 min (acute) or 72 h (organ culture). Basal ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation were increased in organ-cultured KO veins, as were protein synthesis and vessel wall cross-section. Stretch stimulated acute phosphorylation of ERK1/2 an
This paper presents new experimentally determined branching fractions and oscillator strengths (log gf) for lines originating from 17 levels belonging to 5 terms of the first excited odd configuration 4d(7)(D-4) 5p in Rh II. The intensity calibrated spectra of Rh II have been recorded with a Fourier transform spectrometer between 25000 and 45000 cm(-1) (2200-4000 angstrom). In this region, 49 line
A concern that arises with any change in design or operative technique is whether it affects the long-term implant stability or not. One way to address this is, by measuring early micromotion, to predict the future revision rate. This study was set to evaluate the early migration and the functional outcome of the Triathlon™ total knee arthroplasty system in different subsets of design. In addition
