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Between Sovietism and Americanization : Ideals of femininity during and after the Cold War in Finland

During the Cold War, along with the Americanization of its popular culture, Finland was also heavily exposed to Soviet ideological influences, including in relation to notions of desirable femininity. From the late 1960s onwards, Soviet influences can be seen in Finnish public discourses on fashion and decorative femininity. Soviet ideals are also reflected in the emphasis on gender neutrality and

Non-diegetic film music as a narrative agency in Christopher Nolan's Interstellar (2014)

This study sets out to investigate the non-diegetic music in Christopher Nolan’s Interstellar (2014) in order to highlight its implicit narrative functions and meanings. The theoretical approach consists of semiotic concepts such as ‘Cognitive denotative’ and ‘Cognitive connotative’ functions by Emilio Audissino, ‘Myth’ and ‘Anchorage’ by Barthes as well as Claudia Gorbman’s ‘Connotative Cueing’.

Culottes and Warm Pyjamas : Patterns for Home Sewing in Sweden During World War Two

When restrictions and rationing took effect during the Second World War, home sewing became a necessity for many women. This paper presents and discusses the distribution of paper patterns for home sewing in Sweden during the war years, using the examples of three different pattern magazines. It shows how these magazines conveyed, interpreted, and adapted fashion to home sewers. Despite the fact t

Från läkarens egna minnesanteckningar till vårdapparatens kommunikationsmedium Den svenska hälso- och sjukvårdens byråkratisering mellan åren 1900 och 1986 – patientinformation mellan individ och system

The focus in this thesis is on how medical patient records have developed and changed due to the modernization processes in the Swedish health care system during the period 1900– 1986. The processes are followed and analyzed by the written means of communication in use. These are: handwritten text by the physician; type written text produced by a new profession (the medical secretary), and lastly

Window Tactics : Entangled Visual Propaganda in Neutral Sweden, 1939–1945

During the Second World War, neutral Sweden became a battleground for propaganda between warring nations, prominently displayed through window displays on Stockholm's streets. This chapter studies the overlooked realm of visual propaganda, particularly focusing on the strategic use of window displays by Germany, the US, the UK and the Soviet Union. By analysing archival material and newspaper sour

Strikes and Lockouts in Sweden : Reconsidering Raphael’s List of Work Stoppages 1859-1902

This paper presents and discusses a recently digitized, dataset of strikes and lockouts in Sweden for the period 1859-1902. The dataset, which originally was collected by Axel Raphael by retrospectively browsing through newspapers, pre-dates the Swedish official statistics on work stoppages that began in 1903. Whereas Raphael’s data have been used to illustrate the long-run development of strikes,

Pappersarbete : Formandet av och föreställningar om kontorspapper som medium

This thesis explores office paper as a medium between 1920 and 1960 in Sweden. During this period, paper was muchdebated due to the number of standards that were implemented. These standardstransformed paper, making it a modern medium in many different ways. The aim ofthe present thesis is to analyze how office paper was reshaped to solveproblems regarding production, reproduction, circulation and

Structural reading : Developing the method of Structural Collocation Analysis using a case study on parliamentary reporting

To analyze large, digitized corpora, we introduce the new approach of “structural reading”, which combines the abstraction of distant reading with the nuance of close reading. We do so by developing the method of “structural collocation analysis” (SCA) that uses metadata categories to investigate how research topics behave across texts belonging to different categories. The method combines the rob

Reading patterns : Dressmaking sections in women’s magazines in the 1960s and 1970s

På 1960- och 70-talet var det vanligt att svenska damtidningar hade särskilda avdelningar för hemsömnad av kläder. I en tid då konfektion var dyrt hade sy själv-sidorna en viktig funktion i konkurrensen om de kvinnliga läsarna. Tonåringar läste tidningarna i jakt på modeller att kopiera för att kunna klä sig enligt det senaste modet. Trots betydelsen av sådana specialavdelningar har de endast fåttIn the 1960s and 1970s, many women’s magazines had special sections for home dressmaking. At a time when ready-to-wear clothing was expensive, the sew-it-yourself pages had an important function to win over competition among female readers. Teenagers read the magazines in search of clothing designs to copy in order to dress according to the latest fashion. Despite the importance of such special se

A Clash of Ideals : The Introduction of Televised Information in Sweden, 1969–1972

In 1969, a government report concluded that there was a need for closer contact between the citizens and Swedish government agencies. Television, at this time still considered a new medium, was highlighted in the report as a valuable form of mass communication with great yet unfulfilled promise as a disseminator of government information. A heated debate about the role and function of government i

Bunkers Revisited : Co-producing Memory, Meaning and Materiality in Danish Cold War Museums

The Cold War shaped the Danish landscape and cityscape profoundly. Numerous bunkers, military and civilian remain today as testimonies of a time where fear of a nuclear Third World War was imminent. This chapter delves into “the bunker” as materiality and myth, drawing inspiration from bunker studies from a broad range of fields including history, geography and architecture. Subsequently, this cha

Early 20th-Century Curatorial Strategies to Enhance the Power of Portraiture : Ludwig Justi and the National Portrait Gallery in Berlin 1913-1933

The emergence of the national portrait gallery as a museum phenomenon during the nineteenth century reflects a broader interest in portraiture at the time. The first of its kind was the National Portrait Gallery in London. Pivotal to the foundation of the gallery in 1856 was historian Thomas Carlyle’s declaration that a portrait had put him in contact with the past. In 1913, a German National Port

Cold war television diplomacy : The German Democratic Republic on Finnish television

Following the formal diplomatic recognition of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) by the Nordic countries in 1972, an intensive collaboration over the Baltic Sea was initiated in a number of societal fields (Almgren, 2009; Hentilä, 2006; Linderoth, 2002; Åkerlund, 2011), one of which was broadcasting, particularly public service television. As an accommodating yet non-aligned neighbour of the So

Humaniora i välfärdssamhället : Kunskapshistorier om efterkrigstiden

Humaniora genomgick en djupgående förändring under efterkrigstiden, både som vetenskapsfält och kulturell företeelse. Av många kom humanistiska studier gradvis att uppfattas som en överflödig lyxföreteelse och klassisk bildning tappade mark i utbildningssystemet. Naturvetenskap, medicin och samhällsvetenskap hade avgjort lättare att motivera sin existens i folkhemmets Sverige. Men även om humaniorThis book highlights the diverse roles of the humanities in the history of the Swedish welfare society. This society has often been seen as dominated by an instrumental view of knowledge that rewarded the social sciences, natural sciences and technology, but the contributions in this book show the significant role that the humanities played in the Swedish welfare state. Various forms of humanistic

Order in Ruins : British Society and the Media Assemblage of The World at War c. 1970-1975

This thesis studies a period of intense crisis and creativity in British media, society, and culture, when the settled outcome of the Second World War (WW2) was perceived to be disintegrating. The post-world-war order was becoming an ‘order in ruins’. The thesis centres on a far-reaching analysis of the making of The World at War (WAW) in the early 1970s. A hugely popular televised documentary ser