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Background: Efficient utilization of both glucose and xylose is necessary for a competitive ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials. Although many advances have been made in the development of xylose-fermenting strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the productivity remains much lower compared to glucose. Previous transcriptional analyses of recombinant xylose-fermenting strains have mainl

The main advantage of a heated-grid reactor for studying pyrolysis kinetics of solid fuel samples is that high heating rates of up to 1000 K/s can be obtained. However, one of the concerns is whether the temperature distribution over the grid material is uniform and whether the presence of a thermocouple welded to the grid causes any measurement errors. Biomass samples were placed on the heated-gr

The relation between mission, religious conversion and identity construction is the subject of my paper. On a concrete level, I discuss the Catholic mission and conversions in Scandinavia from the middle of nineteenth century to the present time. Up to the Second Vatican Council (1962-65), the Catholic Church strongly emphasised its claim to be the only true Church, and as a consequence, all non-C

The influence of electrostatic interactions on the dynamic properties of complexes containing DNA and mixtures of cationic- (DDA) and zwitterionic (DLPC) lipids are studied by means of NMR. The systems are arranged in lamellar membrane stacks intercalated by DNA molecules. This is confirmed by 31P-NMR, where a superposition of an axially symmetric powder pattern arising from the phospholipid membr

We investigate theoretical models of room temperature ionic liquids, and find that the experimentally observed camel-shape of the differential capacitance is strongly related to dispersion interactions in these systems. At low surface charge densities, the loss of dispersion interactions in the vicinity of the electrodes generates depleted densities, with a concomitant drop of the differential cap

Different physicochemical properties and the chemical composition of soluble and insoluble fiber were studied. The influence of fiber source (apple, tomato, carrot and potato pulp), concentration and homogenization were investigated. The fiber suspensions respond in different ways to homogenization. This can, for most physicochemical properties investigated, be due to the fundamentally different m

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In clonal beta-cell lines and islets from different species, a variety of calcium channels are coupled to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to identify the voltage-gated calcium channels that control insulin secretion in insulinoma (INS)-1 832/13 cells. The mRNA level of Ca(V)1.2 exceeded that of Ca(V)1.3 and Ca(V)2.3 two-fold. Insulin secretion, which rose tenfold in

The octahedral title complex, [PtI4(C2H6S)2] or trans PtI4(dms)2 (dms is dimethylsulfide), crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n (Z=2) with molecular symmetry Ci, which is the most frequently occurring point group for trans-PtX4L2[56%, 28 structures in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) [Allen, 2002, Acta Cryst B58, 380-388]] followed by C1 (22%, 11 structures). The complexes form

A high intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), has been associated with reduced levels of blood pressure (BP). Their antihypertensive action may be due to the reduction of the ω-6/ω-3 ratio and the resulting competitive effect of ω-3 as compared to arachidonic acid (an ω-6 PUFA) as a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes involved in the production of vasoactive mediators

This paper aims to provide a basis for renewed talk about "use" in computing. Four current "discourse arenas" are described. Different intentions manifest in each arena are linked to failures in "translation", different terminologies crossing disciplinary and national boundaries non-reflexively. Analysis of transnational use discourse dynamics shows much miscommunication. Conflicts like that betwe

Abstract in UndeterminedAn efficient lighting control systems (LCS) should take advantage of the natural light available, but this presents some technical challenges as well as user related issues. So far, the assessment of lighting energy consumption of LCS has been based on technical features rather than the occupants’ acceptance.This article presents the results of a monitoring study providing

Multiple myeloma is the most common indication for high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support (ASCT) in North America today. Stem cell procurement for ASCT has most commonly been performed with stem cell mobilization using colony-stimulating factors with or without prior chemotherapy. The target CD34+ cell dose to be collected as well as the number of apheresis performed varies throu

It has been suggested that intake of fatty fish may protect against both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Hypotheses rest on the high marine omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) and vitamin D contents, with possible beneficial effects on immune function and glucose metabolism. Our aim was to investigate, for the first time, fatty fish consumption in relation to the ri

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to systematically and critically review the extant literature on the design of global production and distribution networks to identify gaps in the literature and identify future research opportunities. The design aspects deal with strategic and structural decisions such as: opening or closing of manufacturing plants or distribution centres, selection of locat

The aim of this work was to study intermolecular interactions in systems containing charged polyion (polyacrylate, PA(-)), charged surfactant (C(16)TA(+)) and nonionic surfactant (C(12)E(5) or C(12)E(8)). To achieve this we have created four different phase diagrams using two different so-called complex salts, C(16)TAPA(25) and C(16)TAPA(6000), both consisting of positively charged surfactant (C(1

This article is part of the Twin Mother's Study, a study that examines influences on maternal adjustment. A number of studies have investigated the importance of genetic factors for mental health, but few of these examine how genes and the environment influence resiliency/salutogenic factors. This article investigates the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on resiliency/sa