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Character displacement theory predicts that closely-related co-occurring species should diverge in relevant traits to reduce costly interspecific interactions such as competition or hybridization. While many studies document character shifts in sympatry, few provide corresponding evidence that these shifts are driven by the costs of co-occurrence. Black-capped (Poecile atricapillus) and mountain c
A new focal plane detector system for the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator (BGS) was designed, constructed, and tested offline with various -decay and conversion-electron sources. The SuperHeavy RECoils (SHREC) detector comprises sets of double-sided silicon strip detectors arranged in an open-faced cuboid geometry. Alongside the detector upgrade new digital data acquisition electronics have been com
Buy Now, Pay Later loans (BNPL) are an increasingly popular way to finance small-ticket purchases. We provide new evidence on how BNPL influences regular bank credit markets, benefiting both lenders and borrowers through information production and learning. Using data from over one million unsecured bank loan applications from a bank that also provides BNPL services, we exploit the fact that BNPL enh
We study the coherent photoproduction of light vector mesons in Pb-Pb collisions in the framework of color dipole approach. We employ the Glauber–Gribov formalism supplemented by an effective suppression factor RG accounting for the gluon shadowing correction. We adjust the latter to reproduce the deep inelastic structure function F2 (E665) and ρ meson photoproduction (ALICE) data. We achieve a go
Background: There is a lack of studies on sarcoidosis among immigrants, which is of interest as there may be genetic and environmental characteristics affecting immigrants from certain countries. We aimed to study hazard ratios (HRs) of sarcoidosis in first- and second-generation immigrants, comparing them with native Swedes in the total adult Swedish population. Methods: We conducted a nationwide
Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for life, and continuous effort has been made to understand its pathways in cellular respiration with all-atom (AA) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of, e.g., membrane permeation or binding to proteins. To reach larger length scales with models, such as curved membranes in mitochondria or caveolae, coarse-grained (CG) simulations could be used at much lower co
Background: It is uncertain whether the risk of major congenital anomalies (mCAs) is increased in children of women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: We aimed to determine the risk of mCAs in a Swedish nationwide cohort of 13,131 singleton live births from 1997-2020 to women with IBD and 61,909 matched children to women without IBD from the general population. We additionally examine
Introduction: The association between increasing diagnosis rates of autism-related disorders (ASD-R) in Swedish regions and diagnosis rates of major depressive disorders (MDD) in adolescents remains unexplored. Methods: Following STROBE guidelines, this pre-registered (https://osf.io/duvq7) observational study, utilizing registry data from 2008 to 2022 across the 21 Swedish regions, employed a gen
The electronic and magnetic properties of the interface formed between graphene and the multiferroic van der Waals material CuCrP2S6 are studied using X-ray spectromicroscopy, accompanied by DFT calculations. These results demonstrate the free-standing character of slightly p-doped graphene, protecting the underlying materials from the environment, while preserving the Dirac cone for the graphene-
Recent scholarship in critical intelligence studies emphasizes the role of informal actors in democratic oversight, encouraging increased attention to practices and struggles of accountability. Less probed are the fundamental conditions enabling the work of informal oversight actors, and current struggles over such conditions. This article turns to the case of Sweden, a top-ranking state in the pr
When it comes to random walk on the integers Z, the arguably first step of generalization beyond simple random walk is the class of one-sidedly continuous random walk, where the stepsize in only one direction is bounded by 1. Moreover, the time until state 0 is hit by left-continuous random walk on Z has a direct connection to the total progeny in branching processes. In this article, the probabil
We consider the averaging process on an infinite connected graph with bounded degree and independent, identically distributed starting values or initial opinions. Assuming that the law of the initial opinion of a vertex has a finite second moment, we show that the opinions of all vertices converge in L2 to the first moment of the law of the initial opinions. A key tool in the proof is the Sharing
We consider the following combinatorial two-player game: On the random tree arising from a branching process, each round one player (Breaker) deletes an edge and by that removes the descendant and all its progeny, while the other (Maker) fixates an edge to permanently secure it from deletion. Breaker has won once the tree's root is contained in a finite component, otherwise Maker wins by building We consider the following combinatorial two-player game: On the random tree arising from a branching process, each round one player (Breaker) deletes an edge and by that removes the descendant and all its progeny, while the other (Maker) fixates an edge to permanently secure it from deletion. Breaker has won once the tree's root is contained in a finite component, otherwise Maker wins by building
Consider a simple finite graph and its nodes to represent identical water barrels (containing different amounts of water) on a level plane. Each edge corresponds to a (locked, water-filled) pipe connecting two barrels below the plane. We fix one node v and consider the optimization problem relating to the maximum value to which the level in v can be raised without pumps, i.e. by opening/closing pi
Bacterial toxins, called superantigens, are produced by Staphylococcus aureus and are known to activate γδ T cells. γδ T cells contribute to long-lasting immunity against bacterial skin infections caused by S. aureus. γδ T cells are a distinct subgroup of T cells containing the T cell receptor (TCR) γ and δ chains. The γδ TCR harbouring the variable chains TRGV9/TRDV2 is the most common TCR in hum
The purpose of this report is to map and analyze new European state interventions for the operation of public transport and explore their relevance in a Swedish policy context.The report meets this purpose by mapping state subsidies that have been introduced in Europe in recent years and how these are designed. Furthermore, in-depth studies are conducted for Germany and Austria, the two countries
Urban environments are exposed to a substantial range of anthropic pressures, including chemical exposure. While trace metals and legacy pollutants have been well documented, the extent of wildlife exposure to emerging contaminants has received little attention, in terrestrial mammals. Concentrations of trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) and 48 organic pollutants (Polyc
The paper aims to understand how established civil society organizations (CSOs) react to populist governance and what factors influence the strategies adopted. Populist governance is often characterized by avoidance of intermediary institutions, such as CSOs, and repression/obstruction of oppositional civil society, which might challenge the position of established CSOs. The paper focuses on how e
Utdelning från kommunala bolag och storleken på den eventuella utdelningen kan i många fall väcka frågor och debatt inom såväl politiska församlingar som media. I denna nationella studie av kommunala bolags utdelningar sätts såväl faktorer som bidrar till utdelning som faktorer som påverkar dess storlek under lupp. I studiens konstateras bland annat att det överlag saknas en uttalad principiell hå
Background: Orthodontic treatment need has commonly been assessed using treatment need indices during clinical examinations or using photographs in combination with plaster casts. Recently, the use of intraoral photographs alone to screen malocclusions has increased. Objective: This study aimed to validate intraoral photographs for the assessment of orthodontic treatment need. Materials and Method
