In boreal bogs plant species are low in number, but they differ greatly in their growth forms and photosynthetic properties. We assessed how ecosystem carbon (C) sink dynamics were affected by seasonal variations in the photosynthetic rate and leaf area of different species. Photosynthetic properties (light response parameters), leaf area development and areal cover (abundance) of the species were

In situ knowledge of the gas phase around a catalyst is essential to make an accurate correlation between the catalytic activity and surface structure in operando studies. Although ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) can provide information on the gas phase as well as the surface structure of a working catalyst, the gas phase detected has not been spatially resolved to date,

HAMLET (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells) is a tumoricidal protein-lipid complex with broad effects against cancer cells of different origin. The therapeutic potential is emphasized by a high degree of specificity for tumor tissue. Here we review early studies of HAMLET, in collaboration with the Orrenius laboratory, and some key features of the subsequent development of the HAML

The Wnt signaling pathway is essential in regulating various cellular processes. Different mechanisms of inhibition for Wnt signaling have been proposed. Besides β-catenin degradation through the proteasome, nemo-like kinase (NLK) is another molecule that is known to negatively regulate Wnt signaling. However, the mechanism by which NLK mediates the inhibition of Wnt signaling was not known. In th

We have developed a dual-focus coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscope based on a dual output, compact fiber laser source. The underlying concepts of time-multiplexed, two-beam scanning and demultiplexed detection that we already employed for second-harmonic generation are here naturally extended for CARS microscopy. The layout of a robust, all-fiber laser source was reconfigured t

Free bare gold clusters in the size range from few tens to few hundred atoms (≤1 nm dimensions) have been produced in a beam, and the size-dependent development of their full valence band including the 5d and 6s parts has been mapped 'on the fly' by synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy. The Au 4f core level has been also probed, and the cluster-specific Au 4f ionization energies have been

This tutorial presents an introduction to power scaling concepts for high-order harmonic generation (HHG) and attosecond pulse production. We present an overview of state-of-the-art HHG-based extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources, followed by a brief introduction to basic principles underlying HHG and a detailed discussion of macroscopic effects and scaling principles. Particular emphasis is put on a

The Vel blood group antigen is expressed on the red blood cells of most individuals. Recently, we described that homozygosity for inactivating mutations in SMIM1 defines the rare Vel-negative phenotype. Still, Vel-positive individuals show great variability in Vel antigen expression, creating a risk for Vel blood typing errors and transfusion reactions. We fine-mapped the regulatory region located

Understanding mechanisms by which a population of beige adipocytes is increased in white adipose tissue (WAT) reflects a potential strategy in the fight against obesity and diabetes. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is very important in the development of the beige phenotype and activation of its thermogenic program. To study effects of cyclic nucleotides on energy homeostatic mechanisms, mic

Only in Sweden, single-family houses account for approximately 30% of energy use in all buildings and a large part uses only electricity for heating. The potential for improvements on energy efficiency in these houses is large. This study theoretically investigates retrofitting of electrically heated Swedish single-family houses by using an air-source heat pump for both space heating and domestic

We present a real-time digital predistortion (DPD) and RF power amplifier (PA) development platform with separate synchronous and coherent RF channels to evaluate multi-input RF PAs with realistic modulated test signals. The platform is based on a Xilinx FPGA and wideband analog frontends to support signal bandwidths up to 312.5 MHz. We describe both the implemented hardware as e.g. DPD core and d

Horses have been valued for their diversity of coat colour since prehistoric times; this is especially the case since their domestication in the Caspian steppe in ∼3,500 BC. Although we can assume that human preferences were not constant, we have only anecdotal information about how domestic horses were influenced by humans. Our results from genotype analyses show a significant increase in spotted

It is estimated that 3-6% of all vasectomised men request vasectomy reversal for different reasons. Microsurgical vasovasostomy is the gold standard technique of vasectomy reversal. However, the microsurgical technique is time-consuming and challenging to most urological surgeons. Therefore, alternative methods of vasal anastomosis have been studied including robotic-assisted vasovasostomy. This r

Testicular biopsy was considered the cornerstone of male infertility diagnosis for many years in men with unexplained infertility and azoospermia. Recent guidelines for male infertility have limited the indications for a diagnostic testicular biopsy to the confirmation of obstructive azoospermia in men with normal size testes and normal reproductive hormones. Nowadays, testicular biopsies are main

Animals living in harsh environments, where temperatures are hot and rainfall is unpredictable, are more likely to breed in cooperative groups. As a result, harsh environmental conditions have been accepted as a key factor explaining the evolution of cooperation. However, this is based on evidence that has not investigated the order of evolutionary events, so the inferred causality could be incorr

Effect of loading rate on cleavage failure probability for ferritic/martensitic steels using Weibull stress analysis is studied. Calibration of Weibull slope for two grades of fusion reactor blanket steels namely, Indian Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel referred as In-RAFMS, F 82H and a non fusion grade modified 9Cr-1Mo steel (P91) are performed for the first time. The calibrated valu

The polynuclear compounds containing anisotropic metal ions often exhibit efficient barriers for blocking of magnetization at fairly arbitrary geometries. However, at variance with mononuclear complexes, which usually become single-molecule magnets (SMM) under the sole requirement of a highly axial crystal field at the metal ion, the factors influencing the SMM behavior in polynuclear complexes, e