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Dental students’ awareness and attitudes toward HPV-related oral cancer: a cross sectional study at the University of Jordan

BackgroundThe incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-related oral cancer has recently increased worldwide. The role of dentists is of prime importance in the early detection of oral cancer which would result in a favourable outcome for the patients. The aim of the current study was to assess the knowledge, awareness and attitudes of dental students, interns and postgraduate maxillofacial residen

Storytelling in EU public diplomacy : reputation management and recognition of success

This article draws attention to storytelling in public diplomacy. Based on interviews with officials in the European External Action Service (EEAS) and a campaign on social media, it explores storytelling in EU public diplomacy. It treats storytell-ing as narrative strategies that tap into the power of dramaturgy and visual elements to mediate emotions and identity in international politics. This

Mapping and quantifying perceptions of environmental change in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania

Large-scale land acquisitions are a critical driver of global socio-environmental change, in particular in the Global South. This study aims to investigate drivers, impacts and feedbacks of environmental change in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania, a region in rapid societal and environmental transformation. We use land cover classifications to map and quantify land cover changes from 1990 to 2016, and c

Impact of acquisition time and penalizing factor in a block-sequential regularized expectation maximization reconstruction algorithm on a Si-photomultiplier-based PET-CT system for 18F-FDG

Background: Block-sequential regularized expectation maximization (BSREM), commercially Q. Clear (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA), is a reconstruction algorithm that allows for a fully convergent iterative reconstruction leading to higher image contrast compared to conventional reconstruction algorithms, while also limiting noise. The noise penalization factor β controls the trade-off between n

The use of a proposed updated EARL harmonization of 18F-FDG PET-CT in patients with lymphoma yields significant differences in Deauville score compared with current EARL recommendations

Background: The Deauville score (DS) is a clinical tool, based on the comparison between lesion and reference organ uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), used to stratify patients with lymphoma into categories reflecting their disease status. With a plethora of positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT) hard- and software algorithms, standard uptake value (SUV) in lesions and

On the role of anisotropic expansion and yield stress on crack tip precipitates

This pilot study uses a Landau-Lifshitz phase field model to study the growth of a precipitate originating from a crack tip. A boundary layer giving a remote square root singular elastic stress field is applied. The materials are assumed to be elastic-plastic with linear strain hardening. The precipitate is assumed to expand in a simplified anisotropic manner, meaning that the hydride is assumed t

Increased lymphocyte activation and atherosclerosis in CD47-deficient mice

CD47, also known as integrin-associated protein (IAP), is a transmembrane protein with multiple biological functions including regulation of efferocytosis and leukocyte trafficking. In this study we investigated the effect of CD47-deficiency on atherosclerosis using a model of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-induced hypercholesterolemia. We observed increased plaque formation in CD47 null mice compar

Cardiac output during targeted temperature management and renal function after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Purpose: After resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), renal injury and hemodynamic instability are common. We aimed to assess the association between low cardiac output during targeted temperature management (TTM) and acute kidney injury (AKI) after OHCA. Materials and methods: Single-center substudy of 171 patients included in the prospective, randomized TTM-trial. Hemodynamic

Activation of neuronal genes via LINE-1 elements upon global DNA demethylation in human neural progenitors

DNA methylation contributes to the maintenance of genomic integrity in somatic cells, in part through the silencing of transposable elements. In this study, we use CRISPR-Cas9 technology to delete DNMT1, the DNA methyltransferase key for DNA methylation maintenance, in human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs). We observe that inactivation of DNMT1 in hNPCs results in viable, proliferating cells despi

Whole-genome landscape of mucosal melanoma reveals diverse drivers and therapeutic targets

Knowledge of key drivers and therapeutic targets in mucosal melanoma is limited due to the paucity of comprehensive mutation data on this rare tumor type. To better understand the genomic landscape of mucosal melanoma, here we describe whole genome sequencing analysis of 67 tumors and validation of driver gene mutations by exome sequencing of 45 tumors. Tumors have a low point mutation burden and

Absence of repetetive correlation patterns between pairs of adjacent neocortical neurons in vivo

Neuroanatomy suggests that adjacent neocortical neurons share a similar set of afferent synaptic inputs, as opposed to neurons localized to different areas of the neocortex. In the present study, we made simultaneous single-electrode patch clamp recordings from two or three adjacent neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of the ketamine-xylazine anesthetized rat in vivo to study the corr

Adaptive responses of animals to climate change are most likely insufficient

Biological responses to climate change have been widely documented across taxa and regions, but it remains unclear whether species are maintaining a good match between phenotype and environment, i.e. whether observed trait changes are adaptive. Here we reviewed 10,090 abstracts and extracted data from 71 studies reported in 58 relevant publications, to assess quantitatively whether phenotypic trai

A Theory of Gazelle Growth: Competition, Venture Capital Finance, and Policy

This paper proposes a theory of gazelle growth in which gazelles can grow either organically or through acquisitions. The model includes three types of firms: incumbent, target, and gazelle. We show that the lower cost of organic growth can increase the incentives for acquisition growth because the incumbent understands that if it acquires the target firm, the gazelle will then invest organically

Defining water-related energy for global comparison, clearer communication, and sharper policy

The need for energy in water provision and use is obvious, however the drivers are often complex, difficult to assess, and often inconsistently presented. Here we build a clearer definition and conceptual framework of “water-related energy”. We apply this framework to harmonise data and results across disparate studies so that regional estimates of water-related energy can be compared in a consist

Combustion characteristics of gasoline DICI engine in the transition from HCCI to PPC : Experiment and numerical analysis

Both numerical simulations and experiments were conducted in a heavy-duty DICI engine, with PRF81 as a gasoline surrogate, to investigate how the fuel stratification, auto-ignition and combustion are affected by the start of injection (SOI). The intake air temperature was adjusted to keep the combustion phasing constant when the SOI was swept from −100 to −20 oCA ATDC, covering different regimes o