This article intends to raise questions related to nationalism in South Asia, while also addressing the rationale for this special issue. Is nationalism a monolithic construct based on a European precedent or is it something much larger that is developed pluralistically in a variety of contexts around the world? If the latter is true, which is our position, then how do we go about studying the var

BACKGROUND: Current follow-up strategies for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after curative surgery rely mainly on risk models and the treatment delivered, regardless of the histological subtype. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of RCC histological subtype on recurrence and to examine the incidence, pattern, and timing of recurrences to improve follow-up recommendations. DESIGN, SETTING

Background: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) of kidney stones is losing ground to more expensive and invasive endoscopic treatments. Objective: This proof-of-concept project was initiated to develop artificial intelligence (AI)-augmented ESWL and to investigate the potential for machine learning to improve the efficacy of ESWL. Design, setting, and participants: Two-dimensional ultraso

CONTEXT: The epidemiological signature of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) during the past decades is explained by overdetection and overtreatment of indolent cancers; furthermore, a non-negligible proportion of patients undergoing surgery for suspected RCC harbour benign renal tumours. As the gold standard for RCC diagnosis remains histopathological analysis of surgical or biopsy specimens, implementat

In comparison with instrumental sight reading of musical notation, sight singing is typically characterized by the presence of lyrics. The purpose of this study was to explore how skilled sight singers divide their visual attention between written music and lyrics and how their eye-movement behavior is influenced by musical stimulus complexity. Fourteen competent musicians performed 10 newly compo

We present the results of a study of the vortex lattice in the heavy fermion superconductor CeCu2Si2, using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). In this material at temperatures well below Tc∼0.6 K, the value of the upper critical field Bc2∼2.2 T is strongly limited by the Pauli paramagnetism of the heavy fermions. In this temperature region, our SANS data show an increase in the magnetization o

The aggregation of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is associated with diabetes type II. A quantitative understanding of this connection at the molecular level requires that the aggregation mechanism of IAPP is resolved in terms of the underlying microscopic steps. Here we have systematically studied recombinant IAPP, with amidated C-terminus in oxidised form with a disulphide bond betwe

Most vertebrates have UV-sensitive vision, but the UV sensitivity of their eyes is limited by the transmittance of the ocular media, and the specific contribution of the different media (cornea, lens) has remained unclear. Here, we describe the transmittance of all ocular media (OMT), as well as that of lenses and corneas of birds. For 66 species belonging to 18 orders, the wavelength at which 50%

In this work we study shear reversals of dense non-Brownian suspensions composed of cohesionless elliptical particles. By numerical simulations, we show that a new fragility appears for frictionless ellipses in the flowing states, where particles can flow indefinitely in one direction at applied shear stresses but shear jam in the other direction upon shear stress reversal. This new fragility, abs

BackgroundThe active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) has been found to have an estrogen-like effect on breast cancer cells. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha-2 (THRα-2) acts as an antagonist for triiodothyronine (T3) signaling, and a low expression has been associated with unfavorable tumor characteristics and a higher mortality in breast cancer. However, the evidence are not conclusive. The pr

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) arises from mesothelial cells lining the pleural cavity of asbestos-exposed individuals and rapidly leads to death. MPM harbors loss-of-function mutations in BAP1, NF2, CDKN2A, and TP53, but isolated deletion of these genes alone in mice does not cause MPM and mouse models of the disease are sparse. Here, we show that a proportion of human MPM harbor point muta

The concept of evolvability - the capacity of a population to produce and maintain evolutionarily relevant variation - has become increasingly prominent in evolutionary biology. Paleontology has a long history of investigating questions of evolvability, but paleontological thinking has tended to neglect recent discussions, because many tools used in the current evolvability literature are challeng