We show that photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) due to its surface sensitivity can be used as a straightforward method to quantify the PMMA resist residues which remain on SiO2 surfaces after electron beam exposure and resist development. The attenuation of the SiO2 valence band and Si2p photoelectrons has been measured by using a photoelectron microscope and it has been found that correctly exposed

Spin relaxation theory and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in amphiphilic liquid crystals are presented. Group theory is used to determine the information content and the orientation dependence in spin relaxation experiments, and to investigate the combined effect of crystal and local symmetries and the effect of symmetry on multiple timescales. From lineshapes of a deuterated decanol and

The work presented in this dissertation is concerned with the microstructures and surface roughness of test slabs of Ti-6Al-4V produced by one of powder based Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique namely electron beam melting (EBM). The effects of process parameters of a EBM system and geometry factors of a EBM build such as slabs’ thickness and height etc. on the microstructure and the surface ro

Assessment is a key activity within the higher education system. From the student´s perspective, assessment shapes what is to be learned; from the perspective of the educator it gives clear inputs about the quality of learning. Thus, as defined by the term, ‘Constructive alignment’, by careful planning of the assessment strategy and wise selection of the assessment methods, the teaching-learning e

The article examines four motifs/textual corpora in the Bible which have been referred to by those in favour of slavery: (1) the Exodus motif, (2) the Curse of Noah, (3) the parables of Jesus, and (4) the epistles of Paul. It is argued in the article that Christianity, with its canonized metaphors of slavery actually delayed the abolition of slavery in the 19th century by relativizing and idealizi

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No abstract. Titel i svensk översättning: Skattesystem och finansiering – finansieringssystem i välfärdsstaten.

Stimulated by the recent observation by LEED that well ordered graphite overlayers may be prepared by heating SiC crystals [1] we have used LEED, STM and UPS (hv = 20-140 eV) to study such layers and compared the photoemission spectra to those we obtain from a natural single crystal. Two results are of particular interest. One is that the overlayers give spectra having a quality well on par with t

This study deals with the problem of Austrian identity in the late Habsburg empire. The investigation departs from an understanding of this problem as situated in the juncture between the historical Austrian imperial experience and the process of modern Austrian identity formation. The Austrian identity is thus approached as the identity problem of the old German-Austrian center of the empire, as

A compact dual-element antenna suitable for ultrawideband (UWB) MIMO operation is proposed in this work. The size of the antenna is 25 mm by 40 mm and it covers the lower UWB band of 3.15-5.15 GHz. Apart from the inherent wideband isolation obtained through the different angle and polarization characteristics in the radiation patterns of the individual elements, the gap between the two antenna ele

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kost, livsstil, antioxidanter och riskfaktorer för cancer De flesta forskare är överens om att våra matvanor spelar en betydande roll för risken att insjukna i cancer. Däremot är forskarna inte överens om vad och hur man bör äta för att förebygga cancer. En populär teori under det senaste decenniet har varit den så kallade antioxidantiahypotesen. Man har förstått att This thesis examines associations between a number of epidemiological or biological markers of cancer risk and oxidative stress, in order to achieve a better understanding of how diet, lifestyle, and genetic factors contribute to the occurrence of oxidative stress. Data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort was used. The MDC study is a population-based cohort study which uses a detailed modi

With the use of alkaline membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) there is a possibility to utilize low temperature fuel cell technology without the need of scarce and expensive noble metal catalysts. With this technology there is, however, a need to enhance the stability and ionic conductivity of anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) before AMFCs can be a viable alternative to the more studied proton-exchange membr