We investigated the photofragmentation properties of two three-membered ring heterocyclic molecules, C2H4O and C2H4S, by total and partial ion yield spectroscopy. Positive and negative ions have been collected as a function of photon energy around the C 1s and O 1s ionization thresholds in C2H4O, and around the S 2p and C 1s thresholds in C2H4S. We underline similarities and differences between th

Backround An endothelial barrier for the insulin transport from the circulation to the target tissues of insulin has previously been suggested to contribute to insulin resistance. The interstitial insulin concentration (I-insulin) and insulin kinetics following a mixed meal have, however, previously not been characterized in human adipose tissue. Subjects and methods Eight nondiabetic first-degree

The partitioning of P among major chemical forms was studied in 110 non-fertilized, semi-natural grassland soils of southeastern Sweden, comprising a wide range of soil acidity and other chemical properties. The P fractions bound to Ca and Fe were closely related to soil acidity, expressed as pH-KCl, especially when calculated as % of the total pool of mineral P. The relationship was inversely lin

The key reaction of protein synthesis, peptidyl transfer, is catalysed in all living organisms by the ribosome - an advanced and highly efficient molecular machine. During the last decade extensive X-ray crystallographic and NMR studies of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomal proteins, ribosomal RNA components and their complexes with ribosomal proteins, and of several translation factors

OBJECTIVE: Nedocromil sodium (nedocromil) improves the clinical condition of asthmatic subjects but its mechanism of action is not fully understood. This study aimed to determine whether nedocromil alters the ability of contractile and relaxant non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neural (NANC) responses to stabilise tone by inhibiting or potentiating these responses in bronchial smooth muscle and, if

Density functional calculations have been used to compare various geometric, electronic and functional properties of iron and cobalt porphyrin (Por) and corrin (Cor) species. The investigation is focussed on octahedral MII/III complexes (where M is the metal) with two axial imidazole ligands (as a model of b and c type cytochromes) or with one imidazole and one methyl ligand (as a model of methylc

The diffusion of water vapour through pulp and paper was investigated experimentally in a diffusion cell. The diffusion cell consisted of two chambers differing in relative humidity. Any given sample was placed as a barrier between the two chambers. Two pulp qualities and eleven paper grades were included in the investigation. The diffusivities measured ranged from 2.1-10(-8) m2/s to 5.4.10(-6) m2

The developments in molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based capillary electrochromatography (CEC) achieved during the past years are reviewed in this article. The MIP is prepared using a templated polymerization reaction and results in a material with a high selectivity towards a predetermined target. The selectivity of the MIP is comparable to that of the biological antibodies, however, the MIP

We have studied the epitaxial growth and electrical performance of Al-free, GaAs-based, resonant tunnelling diodes (RTDs) including thin barriers of GaInP, GO, or GaAsxP1-x. n-Type tunnelling diodes have been fabricated and the symmetry in the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, as well as the peak-to-valley ratios, are found to be sensitive probes for the inter-face quality in the heterostruct

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL; AML M3) is identified by a unique t(15;17) translocation which fuses the PML gene to the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene (RARA). Reverse transcription coupled with the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been used to develop a diagnostic test for APL based on the PML-RARA fusion message. Separate PCR assays were designed to amplify either PML-RARA (15q+ der

The dynamic soil acidification model SAFE was applied to 44 forested sites in Skåne, southern Sweden, using available Swedish databases on present soil status, vegetation and deposition. Time series of deposition were derived for each site from present deposition in a generalized fashion by dividing deposition into different classes and scaling with deposition trends from the literature. This stud

We present an experimental observation of the electronic Doppler effect in resonant Auger spectra upon core excitation slightly above the carbon K edge of the CO molecule. Thus the electronic Doppler effect has been identified in above-threshold excitation, and in a transition of Pi symmetry. Ab initio calculations of the potential energy curves of the relevant states of CO and the wave packet tec

Musculoskeletal problems are very common, and clinical assessment is central to their appropriate management; however, many clinicians are not sufficiently competent to carry out this assessment. A standardized approach to the clinical assessment of a musculoskeletal problem is, therefore, necessary, whether the patient is presenting to primary care, rheumatology or orthopedics. Such a standardize

Selection on traits conferring reduced predation may be opposed by selection on other traits associated with reproduction. Here, we examined the hypothesis that traits associated with reproduction in Gammarus pulex are driven by predation. We studied G. pulex originating from ponds with two different kinds of predator regimes: (1) ponds with fish-often large, non-gap-limited predators and (2) pond

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants of two commercial cultivars were transformed with sense and antisense constructs of a chitinase class II gene in order to develop a transformation system for this gene in barley. Transformation of embryos with the two antisense constructs resulted in ten regenerated plants, while no plants could be obtained using the sense construct. The presence of the inserted

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate decisions between self-renewal and commitment toward differentiation are tightly regulated in vivo. Recent developments in HSC culture and improvements of human HSC assays have facilitated studies of these processes in vitro. Through such studies stimulatory cytokines critically involved in HSC maintenance in vivo have been demonstrated to also promote HSC self-r

The bit-search generator (BSG) was proposed in 2004 and can be seen as a variant of the shrinking and self-shrinking generators. It has the advantage that it works at rate 1/3 using only one LFSR and some selection logic. We present various attacks on the BSG based on the fact that the output sequence can be uniquely defined by the differential of the input sequence. By knowing only a small part o