A model is presented that gives a quantitative picture of the distribution of the photosynthetic components in the photosynthetic membrane of higher plants. A salient feature of the model is that most of the pigments are located in the grana where photosystem I and II carry out linear electron transport, whereas the stroma lamellae, which harbour

Heat transfer has been evaluated experimentally on the tube side of three different minichannel tubes, so-called multiport extruded (MPE) tubes, with different cross-section geometry. The objective was to find out which correlations, models, and relations should be used when predicting the performance of complete heat exchangers consisting of such tubes. The geometry of the tube channels or ducts

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common tumour types with approximately one third of the tumours located within the rectum. Rectal cancer differs somewhat from colon cancer, e.g. regarding the method of operation and the use of preoperative radiotherapy due to a tendency for local tumour recurrence. Proteolytic enzymes have been identified as key molecules in tumour invasion and metastasis, an

Global error bounds are derived for Runge-Kutta time discretizations of fully nonlinear evolution equations governed by m-dissipative vector fields on Hilbert spaces. In contrast to earlier studies, the analysis presented here is not based on linearization procedures, but on the fully nonlinear framework of logarithmic Lipschitz constants in order to extend the classical B-convergence theory to in

Former male young athletes partially lost benefits in BMD (g/cm(2)) with cessation of exercise, but, despite this, had a higher BMD 4 years after cessation of career than a control group. A higher BMD might contribute to the lower incidence of fragility fractures found in former older athletes greater than or equal to60 years of age compared with a control group.

The purpose of this study was to test napsin A as a diagnostic marker of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma in pleural effusions, and to compare its performance with TTF-1. Napsin A and TTF-1 reactivities were determined immunohistochemically on.formalin-fixed paraffin embedded cell blocks from 50 pleural effusion (5 mesotheliomas, 10 mesothelial proliferations, 12 pulmonary, and 23 nonpulmonary metas

The effects of social capital, income inequality, and absolute per capita income were investigated in an ecological analysis of 23 rich and poor countries. Trust was chosen as an indicator of social capital, and GNP (gross national product) per capita and Gini index measured absolute and relative income, respectively. These independent variables were analyzed in a linear regression model with the

A simple selective supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method was developed for the determination of desorption behaviour of PCBs in sediments. This method was applied to determine the distribution of individual PCB congeners among sites of differing bonding strengths in two Swedish sediments (Lake Järnsjön and Baltic bay Orserumsviken). Four different PCB fractions were distinguished in each sed

This study was conducted to assess the nitrogen removal potential of a minerotrophic peatland in Northern Germany, where hydrological conditions were partly restored in the beginning of the 1990s. Actual denitrification and the effect of nitrate (NO3-) and glucose additions on denitrification rates were determined in two flooded and one drained histosols in spring and summer 1998. In the flooded s

Aim Understanding the driving forces and mechanisms of changes in past plant distribution and abundance will help assess the biological consequences of future climate change scenarios. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether modelled patterns of climate parameters 6000 years ago can account for the European distribution of Fagus sylvatica at that time. Consideration is also given to the ro

The compaction of DNA by a cationic surfactant both in the bulk and adsorbed on the surface of latex particles was followed for the first time by SANS. In the bulk, a decrease in the overall size of the DNA coil in the presence of the cationic surfactant was observed at a negative-to-positive charge ratio far below the phase separation region, at a negative-to-positive charge ratio of 18. Addition

In this paper, a fully automatic method for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) from V/Q-scans is presented. Image analysis is applied to the ventilation and the perfusion images obtained in the V/Q-scan. The difference of the ventilation and the perfusion is calculated after transformation and hot-spot reduction of the images. From this difference image the integral of the underperfused area

A set of rectangles S is said to be grid packed if there exists a rectangular grid (not necessarily regular) such that every rectangle lies in the grid and there is at most one rectangle of S in each cell. The area of a grid packing is the area of a minimal bounding box that contains all the rectangles in the grid packing. We present an approximation algorithm that given a set S of rectangles and

The surfactant tetra(ethylene oxide) n-dodecyl amide (TEDAd) was compared with the poly(ethylene oxide) n-alkyl ethers C12E5, C10E5, and C12E4. The adsorption to hydrophobic liquid-vapor and solid-liquid interfaces, as well as the wetting behavior on a hydrophobic surface, was investigated. The amide group is more hydrophilic than the ethylene oxide group, raising the cloud point and critical mice

We investigated the potential roles of specific isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) in the regulation of leukotriene D(4)-induced Ca(2+) signaling in the intestinal epithelial cell line Int 407. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that these cells express the PKC isoforms alpha, betaII, delta, epsilon, zeta, and mu, but not betaI, gamma, eta, or theta;. The inflammatory mediator leukotriene D

Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) comprises 27 centres from 11 countries. An inception cohort of 918 SLE patients has been assembled according to a standardized protocol between 2000 and 2006. Clinical features, classic coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, as well as other potential risk factors were collected. Of the 918 patients 89% were females, and of multi raci