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Within-species size variation is known to create asymmetries in resource competition and, increasingly, is recognized to correlate with systematic shifts in behavioral responses (e.g., boldness) between juveniles and adults. The combined effects of these asymmetries on population stability, especially under anthropogenic pressures, however, remain poorly understood. We use a size-structured consum
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of functional constipation is approximately 12%. It is characterized by infrequent complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs), hard or lumpy stools, straining during defecation, and has a negative impact on quality of life (QoL). The probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) 299v (Lp299v) has been demonstrated to be efficacious in irritable bo
In recent years, the utilisation of biogas has attracted attention as an alternative to fossil fuels and as a countermeasure against global warming. Efficient utilisation of biogas requires biogas upgrading, and with technological advances, membrane separation using small-pore zeolite membranes with excellent molecular sieving effects is becoming mainstream. In this study, biogas separation was pe
As the climate crisis intensifies, climate adaptation becomes increasingly urgent and necessary. This holds especially true for Small Island Developing States, who, despite bearing little responsibility in creating the problem, are uniquely vulnerable to slow onset and extreme weather events. To address climate impacts in developing countries, the international community has set up pathways to hel
This thesis compares the entrepreneurial contexts of Lund, Sweden, and Toronto, Canada to examine whether Creative Destruction Lab (CDL), a non-profit accelerator founded in Toronto, would fit within Lund's ecosystem. Two research questions are addressed: what similarities and differences exist between the entrepreneurial contexts of Lund and Toronto, and how a CDL site would mesh with Lund
The Shallow Neural Network (SNN) is one of the most basic forms of machine learning models. It has a high theoretical representational capacity, but this is often not realized in practice, in part due to overfitting. This thesis proposes a new regularization method and compares it against existing techniques across a range of tasks using SNNs. The proposed method, norm-preserving regularization (N
This thesis investigates the design and implementation of Model Predictive Control (MPC) and motion planning to enable an Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) to perform autonomous escort missions. The objectives were to assess how the control architecture could utilize preexisting internal USV controllers and handle dynamic obstacles. Furthermore, how the controller architecture should be organized and
Collaborative robots, or cobots, are increasingly used in industrial automation, where they work in flexible, semi-modular configurations while still being expected to meet demanding positioning accuracy requirements. After a joint is replaced on such a robot, the resulting joint zero offset typically forces a full kinematic recalibration before the robot can return to service, causing downtime an
Visual Autoregressive models (VARs) are a recent class of text-to-image generation models that have achieved state-of-the-art image-generation quality. Compared with diffusion-based models, VARs can generate images much faster, in some settings producing an image in under a second. This speed relies heavily on KV-caching, which introduces a considerable memory overhead, up to 10 GB to generate one
Control systems at European Spallation Source (ESS) are large-scale, complex and difficult to model using traditional approaches. Data-driven methods are therefore required to model systems such as the Cryogenic Moderator System (CMS) and Target Helium Cooling System (THCS). This work presents a control-system modeling approach based on the Transformer and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), enabling l
Drones are becoming more common everywhere, and with that comes the risk of unauthorized drones entering protected areas such as airports or military sites. One way to deal with this is to send out another drone to find and follow the unknown one for closer inspection. This project built a system that does exactly that. A drone equipped with a camera is able to automatically spot another drone, es
In the past, robots were goal-based agents and experienced a more limited world. These robots needed to be instructed on each individual step or action to complete a larger task. They worked in static and well-modelled environments and run predefined behaviours where their missions consisted of repeating a single task (e.g. assembling and vacuum cleaning). Nowadays the world of robots and autonomo
Digital Predistortion (DPD) is an essential component of modern mobile communication systems ensuring that distortion, created by the nonlinearities of the Power Amplifier (PA) is reduced while allowing them to be operated at high efficiency levels. This thesis has investigated the use of an unsupervised machine learning method known as Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) as a way to define and populate
Det övergripande syftet med denna uppsats är att klargöra begreppet den demokratiska rättsstaten och de principer som upprätthåller den, samt att identifiera och analysera de samtida hot och utmaningar som den demokratiska rättsstaten står inför. I en osäker och turbulent omvärld, där geopolitiska maktbalanser skiftar, är forskning om rättsstatens innebörd och skyddsmekanismer av stor betydelse. FThe main aim of this essay is to clarify the concept of the democratic rule of law and the principles that uphold it, as well as to identify and analyze the contemporary threats and challenges it faces. In an uncertain world of shifting geopolitical balances of power, research on the meaning of the rule of law and its protective mechanisms is of significant importance. To fulfil this purpose, the
Denna kandidatuppsats berör den så kallade riksdagsspärren i Sverige, vilken innebär att endast partier som fått minst fyra procent av rösterna i riket (eller minst tolv procent i en valkrets) får delta i fördelningen av mandat till riksda gen. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning riksdagsspär ren är förenlig med svensk rätt som berör bestämmelser kring demokrati och propThis bachelor’s thesis deals with the so called parliamentary threshold in Sweden, which means that only the politician parties that have received at least four percent of the votes in the country (or at least twelve percent in a constituency) may participate in the in the distribution of seats in the Swedish parliament. The purpose of the thesis is to examine the extent to which the parliame
Den 15 april 2026 trädde säkerhetsförvaring i kraft, en ny tidsobestämd och frihetsberövande påföljd i svensk rätt. Påföljden innebär att en person som dömts för mycket allvarlig brottslighet kan hållas frihetsberövad på obestämd tid så länge det bedöms finnas en påtaglig risk för återfall. Därmed bryter regleringen med den traditionella straffrättsliga modellen genom att frihetsberövandet kan pågOn 15 April 2026, a new sanction called säkerhetsförvaring, a form of indefinite preventive detention, came into force in Swedish law. It allows a person convicted of very serious crime to be held in custody for an indefinite period as long as there is considered to be a clear risk of reoffending. The sanction breaks with the traditional model of Swedish criminal law by letting detention continue
Under de senaste åren har den svenska migrationslagstiftningen skärpts. Det ansågs nämligen finnas ett behov att minska antalet asylsökanden efter flyktingvågen år 2015. Regeringen vill nu göra asyllagstiftningen ännu striktare genom att återkalla befintliga permanenta uppehållstillstånd. En utredning har tillsatts på uppdrag av regeringen i vilken det presenteras en ny ordning där asylrelaterade In the last few years Swedish migration legislation has become more restrictive. It was considered necessary to reduce the number of asylum seekers after the refugee wave in 2015. The government now wants to tighten the asylum legislation even further by revoking existing permanent residence permits. A government-commissioned inquiry has been appointed, which proposes a new framework under which a
Rätten till självförsvar intar en central plats i folkrätten, men villkoren under vilka en stat lagligen kan tillgripa våld innan den har angripits hör till de mest omtvistade frågorna inom regleringen av våldsanvändning. Flera händelser de senaste åren har gett frågan förnyad aktualitet: återkomsten av storskaliga väpnade konflikter mellan stater, framsteg inom missilteknologi samt ihållande oro The right of self-defence occupies a central place in public international law, but the conditions under which a state may lawfully resort to force before being attacked remain among the most disputed questions in the law of the use of force. Several developments in recent years have given the question renewed urgency: the return of large-scale armed conflict between states, advances in missile te
De genomsnittliga häktningstiderna ökar i Sverige och Danmark. För att motverka utvecklingen har den danska lagstiftaren genomfört lagändringar i syfte att minska användningen och längden på häktningar. I motsatt riktning presenterade den svenska regeringen under april 2026 ett nytt lagförslag om att utvidga tillämpningsområdet för presumtionsregeln vid häktning enligt 24 kap. 1 § andra stycket räThe average pre-trial detention periods are increasing in Sweden and Denmark. To counteract this trend, the Danish government has implemented legal changes. The aim is clear; the use and duration of pre-trial detention should decrease. In the opposite direction, the Swedish government presented a new legislative proposal in April 2026. The proposal proposes to expand the scope of application of th
Uppsatsen behandlar förslaget i SOU 2025:66 om att utvidga häktningspresumtionen i rättegångsbalken (1942:740) till att omfatta försök, förberedelse och stämpling till brott med ett minimistraff om fyra års fängelse. Syftet är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning förslaget är förenligt med oskyldighetspresumtionen vid häktningsförfaranden i svensk rätt. Frågan analyseras även ur ett rättssäkerhetspThis thesis examines the proposal in SOU 2025:66 to extend the presumption for pretrial detention in the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure (1942:740) to include attempt, preparation, and conspiracy to commit offences carrying a minimum sentence of four years imprisonment. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate to what extent the proposal is compatible with the presumption of innocence in swe
