In democracies, elections are events in which the public evaluates not only the promises for the coming years, but also the actions of the past period. When an incident adversely affects the welfare of all or part of a society, such as an economic crisis or a natural disaster, the general expectation according to the retrospective voting theory is that society will punish those responsible through

Människokroppen består av en otalig mängd celler, där varje enskild cell är omsluten av ett så kallat membran. Likt ett äpple där skalet omsluter och skyddar fruktköttet skyddar membranet cellen. En cell kan inte överleva utan ett membran. Förutom membranet är cellen också beroende av en fungerande transport av vatten och andra näringsämnen över membranet. För att kunna transportera ämnen över memIntroduction: The aim of this project is to study if the predicted model of the interaction between aquaporin-5 (AQP5) and CLIP2 is accurate by introducing single point mutations in the predicted interaction site of CLIP2 and see if it affects the interaction or not. Background: Aquaporins are essential membrane proteins for many biological processes. The regulation of aquaporins is crucial for c

This thesis analyses relationships between the litterfall components needles, twigs, flowers, fruits, and total litterfall and climate variables (wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation) in a coniferous forest located in southern Sweden. Needles, twigs, and total litterfall were positively correlated with daily average as well as maximum wind speed, whereas negatively cor

Pinus sylvestris (tall) är en betydelsefull trädart i Sverige och Europa, både ekonomiskt och kulturellt sett. Trädet infekteras dock av den destruktiva rottickan (Heterobasidion spp.) vilket resulterar i stora ekonomiska förluster inom skogsindustrin, med en uppskattad monetär förlust på ca 800 miljoner EUR årligen i Europa. Det är svårt att upptäcka svampen i tidiga infektionsstadier eftersom inPinus sylvestris (Scots pine) is an important tree species in Sweden and Europe, both economically and culturally. However, the highly destructive root rot fungi Heterobasidion spp. infect P. sylvestris and cause major economic losses in the forest industry, estimated to about 800 million EUR annually in Europe alone. Detection of the fungus in early stages is hard, as the infection mainly stays i

Inom partikelfysik, går de teoretiska och experimentella aspekterna hand i hand. För att förstå hur partiklar växelverkar med varandra och kunna förstå experimentella resultat, behövs en teoretisk modell av interaktionerna. Feynmandiagram erbjuder exakt detta, ett verktyg för att simpelt visualisera partikelprocesser. Med Feynmandiagram är det möjligt att förstå vilka processer som är möjliga och This thesis explores the simplifications the chirality-flow formalism brings the calculations of scattering amplitudes in massless QED. We explain Feynman diagrams and chirality- flow diagrams to emphasize how the calculations of scattering amplitudes differ. It is studied how applying the chirality-flow formalism simplifies the calculations. The work focuses on calculations with and without exter

Chirality can be understood as a property of an object that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image, such as our left and right hands. It is ubiquitous in nature and can also be found in the photosynthesis process involving chlorosomes from green sulfur bacteria. Understanding the dynamics of chiral properties in chlorosomes, due to the excitons formed by the interaction between bacteriochlorop

The construction industry has always been changing and adapting to new innovations, values, requirements, and goals from the outside world. These days are no different. The climate change is still mostly relevant and everything we could do to mitigate this should be applied in the construction sector. It is nowadays a known fact that buildings represent a significant portion of the carbon dioxide

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of the variation in the time intervals between heartbeats. HRV can provide insights into the condition of the heart as well as the state and interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. HRV can be measured over shorter periods (5 minutes) or longer periods (up to 24 hours). Similar to pulse, HRV is linked to respiratory rate. During

I dagens globala samhälle finns en växande efterfrågan på trådlös kommunikation. För att möta denna efterfrågan behöver kommunikationssystemen utvecklas, till exempel genom att använda högre frekvenser som i 5G, öka antalet användare som kan använda systemet samtidigt eller använda större antennsystem. Detta ökar dock risken för störningar mellan användares kommunikationslänkar, vilket leder till As two signals of different frequencies pass through a nonlinear element, they mix and create unwanted spurious signals. This intermodulation phenomenon is well studied for active components but can also occur from the material in passive components and is then called passive intermodulation (PIM). The PIM energy levels are a concern when designing communication technology, especially satellites,

The adoption of virtual meeting platforms significantly increased during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, which was caused by the need for effective remote collaboration and communication tools. As a result of advancements in technology, virtual meeting platforms transformed their integral components into more than just video conferencing tools. A notable example is the integration of speech-to-te

This article focuses on the popular thin-film deposition technique chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and outlines its latest research in improving wear resistance. The article highlights how the wear resistance of thin film coatings can be improved through material selection, process parameter optimization, post-processing techniques and structural design. The combined application of these methods h

Denna avhandling utforskar inverkan av generativ AI på förstärkning av cyberkriminella aktiviteter, särskilt genom skapandet av bedrägligt innehåll och hur det påverkar offrens uppfattning. En serie formella experiment (n = 15) bedömde hur AI-genererat bedrägligt material jämför sig med mänskligt genererade bedrägerier när det gäller att påverka offer, med användning av modellen för sannolikhetsbaThis thesis explores the impact of generative AI on enhancing cybercriminal activities, particularly through the creation of fraudulent content that affects victim perception. A series of formal experiments (n = 15) assessed how AI-generated fraudulent materials compare to human-made frauds in influencing victims, using the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and related cognitive research. The exp

With a growing global demand for improved surveillance and security, the thermal camera has seen its use cases and market share expand. Unlike the visual camera, the thermal camera does not require external illumination. Instead, it relies on the fact that all matter with a temperature above absolute zero emits thermal radiation. The thermal camera measures intensity, but another characteristic of

This thesis provides a way of generalizing the construction of affine schemes. Starting from objects in an arbitrary complete category C, the method will produce objects which resemble affine schemes. These objects will be called affine C-theoretic schemes. To each affine C-theoretic scheme a topological space and presheaf is produced similar to the theory of affine schemes. The study of affine C-

Den senaste utvecklingen inom underfältet Digital Arkeologi är införandet av Artificiell Intelligens (AI) i kombination med Maskininlärning (ML) som ett verktyg för att förutsäga potentiella arkeologiska platser i ett landskap. Vidare möjliggör utvecklingen av en LiDAR (Ljusdetektering och avstånd) teknologi med en upplösning på 5 laserpunkter/m2 på Åland (samt i stora delar av Finland) att analysThe most recent advancement in the subdiscipline of Digital Archaeology is the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in conjunction with Machine Learning (ML) as a tool to predict potential archaeological sites in a landscape. Furthermore, the development of new LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology with a resolution of 5 laser–points/m2 in Åland (as well as large parts of Finland)

This study investigated how the physiological state at death affects the decomposition of Neurospora crassa necromass. The results showed that fungal necromass decomposition follows an asymptotic model, with initial rapid mass loss followed by a plateau phase. The study found that N. crassa physiological age at death significantly influences decomposition dynamics, with intermediate-aged necromass

Bjärsjöholm is an estate located close to the coastal town of Ystad, around 4.5 km. The aim of this thesis was to gain insight into the changes and development that the change from Danish to Swedish rule of Scania meant for Bjärsjöholm estate. The research questions were: • How has the economy changed during the 16th, 17th and 18th century for the Bjärsjöholm estate? • What changes of the buildi

An integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) system using 5G NR waveform is implemented on a ZCU208 radio frequency system on chip (RFSoC) platform. Visualization of the data is performed using the PYNQ platform which facilitates data exchange between the processing system (PS) and the programmable logic (PL). The radar algorithm uses channel information in the frequency domain to detect a targ

Mitt val av ämne grundar sig i min egen relation till stress och nervositet. Jag har alltid känt att jag haft svårt att hantera stress och att det begränsat mig i mina prestationer. Det pratas mycket om mental träning, men jag har inte vetat hur jag ska börja. Därför har jag valt att basera detta arbete på ett färdigt koncept. Det finns i Don Greenes bok ”Audition Success” och är en övning som hanMy choice of subject is based on my own relationship with stress and nervousness. I have always felt it difficult to handle stress and that it has limited my performances. People talk about nervousness a lot, but I have not known where to start. Therefore, my investigation is based on an already existing method. It is to be found in Don Greene’s book “Audition Success” and is an exercise about cen