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Inspired by the experimental work performed in the research group led by Ville Maisi at Lund University, this thesis investigates a hybrid quantum setup in circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED). The system consists of a microwave resonator coupled to a double quantum dot (DQD) acting as an internal sensor to indirectly detect the state of an external quantum system. Using input-output theory and
Micro- and nanoscale pollutants dispersed at low concentrations in the environment pose increasing threats to human health and ecosystems. However, investigating the properties of individual particles remains challenging because conventional characterization methods mainly rely on ensemble measurements. Optical tweezers provide a promising approach for single-particle trapping and open new possibi
The Trigger Scintillator (TS) of the Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) is responsible for counting the electrons in the incoming beam in order to accurately determine the trigger threshold used in identifying missing momentum events. Electrons are counted by reconstructing their approximately horizontal tracks through the TS. The software algorithm operates on a maximum vertical tolerance value,
Trifluorättiksyra (TFA), en ultrakortkedjig PFAS, är mycket ihärdig, rörlig i vatten och för närvarande inte uttryckligen reglerad i svensk eller annan europeisk vattenlagstiftning med undantag för Danmark. Denna avhandling undersöker förekomst, trender och potentiell pesticidbildad TFA i svenska grund- och ytvatten samt regulatoriska implikationer på nationell och internationell nivå. Ett datasetTrifluoroacetic acid (TFA), an ultra-short chain PFAS, is highly persistent, mobile in water, and currently not explicitly regulated in Swedish- or other European water legislation apart from in Denmark. This thesis investigates the occurrence, trends, and potential pesticide-derived formation of TFA in Swedish ground- and surface waters along with regulatory implications on a national and interna
This thesis studies first-order phase-transition dynamics and the associated stochastic gravitational-wave background in classically conformal B − L-like extensions of the Standard Model. The scalar and gauge sectors are formulated at tree level and at one-loop order using a modified on-shell renormalization prescription designed to keep the vacuum structure fixed while allowing the tree-level fla
Universums fundamentala beståndsdelar, kvarkar och leptoner, växelverkar med varandra genom fyra fundamentala krafter. Tre av dessa beskrivs av standardmodellen för partikelfysik och den är en av de mest framgångsrika vetenskapliga teorierna som någonsin utvecklats. För att kunna göra förutsägelser utifrån standardmodellen behöver man beräkna så kallade spridningsamplituder; komplexa tal som i kvaThe chirality-flow formalism is an extension of the spinor-helicity formalism in which scattering amplitudes are represented as diagrams of oriented flow lines between external spinors, which allows spinor bracket products to be read off easily. While the formalism has been explored and implemented for QED and QCD interactions, its application has not been explored systematically in the full elect
Audiovisual synchronization significantly impacts the viewing experience in streaming environments, yet research on latency sensitivity toward spatial audio in Virtual Reality (VR) remains limited. This study conducted an audiovisual synchronization experiment in a virtual opera house, where 18 participants performed multisensory integration tasks using the Meta Quest Pro. The results indicated a
The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether quantum interference between indistinguishable hadronization histories, that is, different ways the string can break while resulting in the same final state, can lead to observable effects in the momentum distributions of particles produced in string fragmentation. In the standard picture, hadronization is treated as a probabilistic process in which
In times of public crises, state-centered governance often faces delayed response and limited local reach, leaving gaps that formal institutions alone cannot fill. It is precisely in these gaps that informal organizations and community networks become critical—yet how such organizations sustain grassroots resilience across both ordinary times and moments of crisis remains under explored. My thesis
Voluntary biodiversity credits (biocredits) are increasingly promoted as a tool to mobilize private finance for biodiversity conservation and restoration. Yet, little is known about how actors understand their purpose and legitimacy and how they expect future biocredit markets to develop under which conditions. This thesis examined shared meanings and diverging expectations among organizational st
The safe and just Earth System Boundary for groundwater is transgressed in a quarter of aquifers in Spain, with irrigated agriculture being the largest driver of overexploitation. Guided by the Earth System Boundary Framework, this thesis studies interventions that reversed agricultural groundwater depletion. Through a systematic literature review, five such cases were identified. While aquifer ab
Food loss and waste (FLW) is an urgent global challenge. France pioneered in implementing a binding legal framework that incentivises supermarkets to donate their surplus to charities. In this thesis, I combine responsibilisation theory and a feminist political ecology lens to investigate previously overshadowed aspects of this law. I demonstrate that the responsibility for food waste (FW) managem
This thesis aims to evaluate the extent to which income from embedded royalties in mixed contracts generated by a subsidiary falling under the ATAD’s CFC rules can be attributed to the tax base of the parent company as “any other income generated from intellectual property” as established by Article 7(2)(a)(ii) ATAD in light of the freedom of establishment under Article 49 TFEU. First, it explains
This thesis examines the conditions under which the triangular simplification mechanism under Article 141 of the VAT Directive may apply to quadrangular chain transactions involving four taxable persons established or identified for VAT purposes across multiple Member States. The triangular simplification mechanism relieves the intermediary operator in a three-party chain transaction from register
This thesis examines dynamic references in EU secondary legislation to standards developed and adopted by the OECD and their compatibility with the European principle of legality of taxation. It aims to provide a proposal on how dynamic references to OECD standards legally function and what legal implications they entail. This understanding of dynamic references is subsequently applied to the Euro
Bakgrund: Barn-och ungdomar med psykisk ohälsa har ofta svårigheter att reglera sensoriska intryck i sin vardag, vilket påverkar målgruppens möjlighet att vara engagerad i aktiviteter i det dagliga livet. För att möta dessa svårigheter använder arbetsterapeuter inom psykiatrin i en internationell kontext sk. sensorisk modulering som intervention. Det är dock oklart hur det ser ut i svensk kontext,Background: Children and adolescent with mental illness often have difficulties regulating sensory inputs in their daily life, which affects their ability to engage in daily activities. To address these difficulties, occupational therapists in an international context, use so called sensory modulation interventions in psychiatry. However, it is unclear what this looks like in the Swedish context,
This thesis examines the compatibility of the Principle of Economic Reality against the Principle of Legality in Danish law and the Principle Legal Certainty in EU law within the context of Danish transfer pricing regulation. Utilizing the legal dogmatic method, the thesis establishes the principles and the Danish transfer pricing framework. It then employs the Dubai A case as a central case
This thesis examines whether, and under what conditions a user’s personal data or permission to collect and use such data can constitute consideration for a supply of services under EU VAT law. This issue arises in the context of data-driven digital platform business models, where the user is often granted access to digital services without monetary payment, while the platform collects, processes
This thesis examines whether the partially owned parent entity (POPE) rule in the Directive (EU) 2022/2523 (P2D) creates a restriction on the free movement of capital under Article 63 TFEU, and if so, whether that restriction be justified and regarded as proportionate under EU law. The POPE rule forms part of the EU implementation of Pillar Two, which aims to ensure a global minimum level of taxa
Parallellt med det svenska energisystemets elektrifiering så sker även en snabb utveckling av AI-verktyg. Dessa redskap medför helt nya möjligheter att ta olika former av datadrivna beslut vilket kan revolutionera delar av energisektorn. Samtidigt så är de inte helt oproblematiska, utan deras effekter måste analyseras grundligt för att de ska kunna leva upp till sin potential, samtidigt som effektThe Swedish energy system is currently in a transition, aiming for carbon neutrality. At the same time, AI technology is developing in a fast manner. These tools come with entirely new possibilities to make data driven decisions, which can revolutionize parts of the energy sector. At the same time, they come with their own challenges. Therefore, their effects must be thoroughly examined if they ar
