Kommuners tillsyn av rökfria skolgårdar Rökning kostar det svenska samhället uppskattat 30 miljarder kronor per år i kostnaden för sjukvård, produktionsförluster och sjukskrivning. Rökning bland ungdomar har minskat de senaste åren, men det är fortfarande nästan en fjärdedel av alla elever i årskurs 2 på gymnasiet, ser sig själv som rökare. För att stoppa ungdomar från att röka genomför kommunen The purpose of this study was to investigate the supervision of non-smoking school yards in Sweden. Smoking costs Swedish society an estimated 30 billion SEK annually in cost for healthcare, production losses and sick leave. Smoking among adolescents has declined in recent years, but it is still 24 % in high school's grade 2, which categorized as smokers. The supervision of the schoolyard is t

This study is based mainly on assessing damage done to asphalt by trucks within the load bearing class 4 (BK4). BK4 is a new vehicle rating class for heavy duty vehicles, which refers to an increase of the maximum permissible gross weight to 74 tonnes (for the current 64 tonnes, BK1) for trucks, and which the government has completed implementing the summer of 2018. Since there is still doubt as t

Internationally there has been a growing interest of tramways the past decades. Swedish cities have taken notice of the positive characteristics that tramway have on cities and many of them has also begun investigations for future projects including tramway. The purpose of this study was to investigate in which ways tramways can contribute in creating attractive cities. The work consists mainly of

Currently, there is a lack of qualified workers of all categories in the construction industry in Sweden and it is difficult to recruit people with the right skills. Therefore, it's important that the construction industry works to increase its diversity and change the way people communicate with each other at the construction sites. This study is designed to investigate what the challenges of

In addition to various switch and track materials, Vossloh Nordic Switch Systems AB have a wayside lubrication device, Clicomatic© in their product range. Clicomatic© is a lubricator intended for fixed installation to mainly lubricate the railway track at exposed sections. Its purpose is to apply grease in the active interface between the vehicle and the track. Clicomatic© was developed decades ag

The prevalence of ageing population and growing old-age consumption per capita has raised concern about the fiscal burden of state and family. As individuals age, they have increasing need for assistance in activities of daily living (ADL). Therefore, long-term care makes up the most in the consumption of elderly. State and family are responsible to meet this demand and the care distribution depen

The purpose of our master thesis is to locate and find a mathematical model of the road surface from data obtained using LiDAR measure- ments. A LiDAR is an optical instrument that generates a point cloud of its surroundings by measuring distance and intensity. Some LiDARs also generate additional metrics, but for our road model only the distance will be used. However, we will discuss how the inte

Heart Rate Variability, förkortat HRV, är en term inom kardiologi som beskriver den naturliga variationen i tidsintervallet mellan en människas hjärtslag. Högt HRV, det vill säga stor variation i tiden mellan hjärtslag, har tidigare visats vara kopplat till god hälsa. Det har även visats att låg variation är kopplat till långvarig psykisk påfrestning. Den starka korrelationen med en människas hälsHeart rate variability (HRV) is a term within cardiology describing the natu- rally occurring variation of the time interval between heartbeats, and high HRV activity has been linked to both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular health. This bachelor thesis aims to find differences between HRV-signals where short term physical strain (pain) was induced and HRV-signals where no such strain was appl

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of family composition and work-related characteristics on retirement and to identify to what extent these factors explain the differences in retirement rates between men and women. This study is conducted under a life-course perspective framework and uses a logistic regression and a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis as methodological ap

The intention of this paper is to explore the Russian film director Alexander Sokurov’s perspective on Western European Enlightenment in his movie Faust. The essay uses the film theory and method known as neoformalism in order to analyse the film’s aesthetic qualities in a cultural and historical context. The result of the analysis shows that the film’s dominant principle, to which many of the oth

In the last 50 years, immigration from Central America and the Caribbean to the United States of America has been increasing. Because these immigrants often find themselves in vulnerable positions, their successful integration into society should be of public interest. To tackle this problem, it is important to understand the determinants of successful integration. Since labor market integration h

På Sysavs förbränningsanläggning sker en samproduktion av el och värme där Sysav har tillstånd att förbränna 630 000 ton avfall. Föregående år producerades totalt 265 530 MWh el och 1 501 150 MWh värme från förbränningen. En del av den producerade energin går till intern förbrukning och under 2017 användes totalt 97 278 MWh el och 23 435 MWh för egen förbrukning. På anläggningen finns ett flertal

In the field of molecular biology, the cloning of DNA is a vital process. Through cloning, researchers can design new DNA strands which can be used for a number of applications. One of these applications is the creation of synthetic antibodies for cancer treatments. Alligator Bioscience is developing a high-throughput chain to significantly speed up the process. Traditional cloning techniques rely

Dagens flyktingkris är världens största sedan andra världskriget. Idag flyr människor sina länder från förtryck, krig och förföljelser och hälften av dem är barn. Antalet ensamkommande barn har ökat under de senaste åren och under januari – oktober 2015 sökte 23 349 ensamkommande barn asyl i Sverige.1 Regeringen har lyft fram betydelsen av det civila samhället både generellt och inom integrationso

Med hjälp av dagens bärbara elektroniska enheter är vi ständigt nåbara, vilket har skapat nya förutsättningar för vårt sätt att arbeta. Gränserna för när en individ arbetar och är ledig har förflyttats för dem som alltid är tillgängliga för arbetsrelaterad kommunikation. Den här kvantitativa studien ämnade undersöka heltidsarbetande individer med tillgång till en smartphone. 116 heltidsanställda pElectronic devices have made it possible for working individuals to be constantly available for work-related communication at any time and place. The boundaries between time on and of work therefore have changed, with new and different working conditions as an effect. This quantitative study aimed to examine people working full time with access to a smartphone in their work, with the purpose of ex

In this Master’s thesis, data from a pediatric intensive care unit for children and youth at the Skåne University Hospital in Lund, Sweden, are used for predicting child mortality and investigating if the PIM2 model can be improved using neural networks and blood gas test results. In the analysis, 1155 patient admissions were included after removing patients without tests witin the first hour of a

En nyfödd stjärna är omgiven av en disk som består till mestadels av gas med en liten andel grus, en så kallad protoplanetarisk disk. Det är i den här disken som planeter bildas, och likt planeter så roterar den runt solen. En viktig egenskap hos den protoplanetariska disken är att den förändras med tiden. Stjärnans gravitation drar till sig material från disken, vilken gör att den blir mindre ochThe rate of migration and accretion onto protoplanets is greatly influenced by the structure of the surrounding protoplanetary disc. This structure changes with time as the disc evolves on a million year timescale, implying that the process of planet formation might look very different depending on when it was initiated. Further on, the evolution of the disc structure is affected on smaller timesc

In an integrated world economy, innovation is considered one of the main catalysts for economic development and growth. To stimulate the very and enable technological change, innovators need to be granted the rights to their own creations. The Word Trade Organization therefore implemented the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights in 1995 among all its member states, wi

Vi har alla varit med om det när vi stått och rört runt med skeden i morgonkaffet. De fantastiska, komplexa mönster som uppträder när grädden blandar sig med det mörka kaffet, efterhand som vi rör runt med skeden. Även om du kanske själv aldrig har reflekterat över det så är den här typen av mixning och blandningsförlopp, komplexa fenomen som studerats av och sysselsatt forskare, vetenskapsmän ochMixing in millimeter scale applications faces completely different challenges compared with the macro scale. A thorough understanding of the physics and mass conservation principles that are affecting the fluid dynamics, are therefore key for development and successful implementation of mixers, in an existing process. Only relying on molecular diffusion for molecules with very low diffusivities ca