The monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) levoglucosan, galactosan and mannosan are products of incomplete combustion and pyrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses, and are found to be major constituents of biomass burning (BB) aerosol particles. Hence, ambient aerosol particle concentrations of levoglucosan are commonly used to study the influence of residential wood burning, agricultural waste burning

A Ni-Cu ion exchange has been observed for (5,15-dibromo-10,20-diphenylporphyrinato)nickel(II) (NiDBrDPP) and (5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-bromophenyl) porphyrinato)nickel(II) (NiTBrPP) on Cu(111). The ion exchange proceeds at a faster rate for the NiDBrDPP/Cu(111) system compared to NiTBrPP/Cu(111). This is explained in terms of the macrocycle-substrate distance and the distortions

Colostrum is an indispensable source of antibodies (IgG) protecting the newborn pig against infection. We studied the effect of feeding colostrum and purified IgG on early structure and development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Newborn littermate pigs were fed either colostrum, an elemental diet (ED), or an ED supplemented with purified serum IgG (ED + IgG) for 24 h or then only ED up to 72

When designing compensation payments for biodiversity conservation measures setting appropriate incentives so that landowners select spatially connected land parcels for conservation is of key importance for many species. The proposition of an agglomeration bonus, where landowners receive a homogeneous payment and a bonus on top if the spatial allocation of conserved land benefits biodiversity, ha

We describe and discuss an outsourcing decision project, in which a large public organisation decided to outsource its ICT and IS. Different phases and critical steps in the project are highlighted, and some critical issues are identified. First, it is clear that there were different definitions of “hosting” and these different definitions made it unclear what the project was about. The desired pr

Optimal linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) filtering methods have recently been applied to fundamental frequency estimation. Like many other fundamental frequency estimators, these methods are constructed using an estimate of the inverse data covariance matrix. The required matrix inverse is typically formed using the sample covariance matrix via data partitioning, although this is well-

Recent years have seen an increasing interest in asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) as a method for the fractionation and characterization of macromolecules and colloidal particles. In this paper utilization of AF4 in food applications is reviewed. Instrumental considerations are discussed as well as which properties can be assessed by AF4 and adequate detection systems. Furthermore,

The single-module non-ribosomal peptide synthetase BpsA from Streptomyces lavendulae has the unique ability to autonomously synthesize a coloured product (indigoidine) from a single substrate (l-glutamine), conditional upon activation by a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) partner. We show that bpsA can be expressed in an entD PPTase gene deleted mutant of Escherichia coli to yield a sen

Objectives: Based on the integration of attachment and physical self-perception perspectives, the present study examined links between adolescents' engagement in physical activity and their attachment relationships with mothers, fathers, and friends, respectively, and assessed the potential mediation role of physical self-perception in this link. Design and methods: Using a cross-sectional design,

PurposeTo examine the cartilage quality in young adults with recurrent patellar dislocation in childhood using different magnetic resonance imaging parameters. MethodsSixteen young adults with unilateral recurrent patellar dislocation were investigated 5 y (mean, 8.5 y) after the first dislocation. Pre- and postcontrast T1 and precontrast T2 relaxation times were analyzed in four superficial and f

Purpose: To examine and describe the factors promoting sustainable work in women with fibromyalgia (FM). Methods: A qualitative interview study. Twenty-seven gainfully employed women with FM participated in five focus group interviews. Their median age was 52 years, ranging from 33 to 62. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed by qualitative latent content analysis. Result

Superantigens are immune-stimulatory toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, which are able to interact with host immune receptors to induce a massive release of cytokines, causing toxic shock syndrome and possibly death. In this article, we present the x-ray structure of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in complex with its receptors, the TCR and MHC class II, forming a ternary complex. The st

To determine the extent the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on the care of Low Birth Weight (LBW) newborns are followed in Pakistani hospitals and analyze any difference in policy compliance between different hospitals.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and by the presence of aggregates containing α-synuclein called Lewy bodies. Viral vector-induced overexpression of α-synuclein in dopaminergic neurons represents a model of PD which recapitulates disease progression better than commonly used neurotoxin models. Previous studi

Graft-induced dyskinesias are a serious complication after neural transplantation in Parkinson's disease. One patient with Parkinson's disease, treated with fetal grafts 14 years ago and deep brain stimulation 6 years ago, showed marked improvement of motor symptoms but continued to suffer from OFF-medication graft-induced dyskinesias. The patient received a series of clinical and imaging assessme

An injury to the axillary nerve from a shoulder trauma can easily be overlooked. Spontaneous functional recovery may occur, but occasionally reconstructive surgery is required. The time frame for nerve reconstruction procedures is from a neurobiological view crucial for a good functional outcome. This study presents a group of operatively and non-operatively treated young adults with axillary nerv

In the present work, the interactions between double-stranded (ds) or single-stranded (ss) DNA and nonionic ethylene oxide (EO) surfactants, with special attention to the possible contributions from hydrophobic interactions, have been investigated using a multitechnique approach. It was found that the presence of ss as well as dsDNA induces a slight decrease of the cloud point of pentaethylene gly

The quaternary phase Ca5Mg0.95Ag1.05(1)Ge5 (3) was synthesized by high-temperature solid-state techniques, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal diffraction methods in the orthorhombic space group Pnma - Wyckoff sequence c(12) with a = 23.1481(4) Å, b = 4.4736(1) Å, c = 11.0128(2) Å, V = 1140.43(4) Å(3), Z = 4. The crystal structure can be described as linear intergrowths of s