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Background: The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system streng

BackgroundSurgical services were poorly prepared for the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to widescale disruption to elective activity. This study aimed to identify actionable priorities to strengthen pandemic preparedness of surgical and hospital systems.MethodsThis study pooled data from three international, prospective cohort studies including patients who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result in the

Background: Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.Methods: This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperativ

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19.Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during t

BackgroundThe aim of this analysis is to determine geo–economic variations in epidemiology, ventilator settings and outcome in patients receiving general anesthesia for surgery.MethodsPosthoc analysis of a worldwide study in 29 countries. Lower and upper middle–income countries (LMIC and UMIC), and high–income countries (HIC) were compared. The coprimary endpoint was the risk for and incidence of

Introduction The benefits of alveolar recruitment manoeuvres (ARMs) conducted during general anaesthesia (GA) have been a topic of debate. An ARM is an intentional transient increase in trans-pulmonary pressure aimed at reopening non-aerated or poorly aerated alveoli that are subsequently kept open by applying positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). However, an inappropriately high positive intra

IntroductionWhile smoking has been consistently identified as a significant contributor to postoperative complications, the existing literature on its association with postoperative pulmonary complications remains conflicting.AimWe examined the association of preoperative smoking with the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs).MethodsPost hoc analysis of an observational study

This paper explores the legal relevance of delusions in determining criminal responsibility. We argue that although delusions may be relevant in assessing capacity for criminal responsibility, the specific content of delusional beliefs should not form the basis for judgments of blameworthiness. The analysis takes the Anglo-American criminal law tradition as its starting point, focusing on the geneThis paper explores the legal relevance of delusions in determining criminal responsibility. We argue that although delusions may be relevant in assessing capacity for criminal responsibility, the specific content of delusional beliefs should not form the basis for judgments of blameworthiness. The analysis takes the Anglo-American criminal law tradition as its starting point, focusing on the gene

Since the late 1990s, a new school subject has emerged in Taiwan and Hong Kong, called “Life Education” (shengming jiaoyu 生命教育) that resembles Swedish forms of livskundskap. Inspired by the desire to assist students in their search for orientation in life and to counteract the alarmingly high suicide rate among young people in a success-driven society, Taiwan’s Ministry of Education has worked con

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Male sex has inconsistently been associated with the development of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). These studies were different in size, design, population and preoperative risk. We reanalysed the database of 'Local ASsessment of Ventilatory management during General Anaesthesia for Surgery study' (LAS VEGAS) to evaluate differences between females and males with re

Quinoa is globally recognised for its nutritional value, and its production has recently expanded worldwide. However, Quinoa Real (Royal Quinoa), a landrace group grown exclusively in the Intersalar zone of Bolivia, stands out for its grain quality and adaptation to extreme environments, such as high altitude, high salinity, intense UV radiation, aridity, and temperature fluctuations. This study c

Energy Management Systems (EMSs) often operate through inflexible, rule-based control systems. Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising alternative, providing adaptive and autonomous control without the need for detailed modeling. However, the complexity of operating energy systems and dynamic environmental conditions limits their practical use, with most studies relying o

In this paper, we present a system for drone detection and positioning. The approach uses a system composed of an audio detection rig with a set of microphones, a set of fixed cameras with a large combined field of view and a Pan-TiltZoom camera. We present how this system can be defined in an efficient and modular way with a number of parallel sensing modules. The focus of this work is the audio

This paper presents a method for mathematical modelling of surfaces conditioned on empirical data. It is based on solving a discrete biharmonic equation over a domain with given inner point and inner curve data. The inner curve data is used to model boundary values while the inner point data is used for modeling a load vector with the goal to generate a smooth surface. The construction of boundary

Three-dimensional finite element (FE) models derived from Computed Tomography (CT) images predict hip fractures better than areal bone mineral density measurements from Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Yet, these results have not justified the adoption of CT in clinical practice, and only 2D DXA images are clinically available. Statistical shape and appearance models can be used to reconstr