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This paper derives a set of policy lessons for Portugal from the new fiscal framework including a fiscal policy council that gradually emerged in Sweden after the deep economic crisis of the early 1990s. By now, Swedish public finances stand out among the strongest in Europe. Recent Swedish macroeconomic performance has been impressive. As Sweden and Portugal are small open economies in the periph
Popular Abstract in Swedish Enzymer har använts av människan sedan urminnes tider. Mycket tidigt lärde man sig att jäst kunde användas för att jäsa bröd och för framställning av vin och öl. Det är då just enzymerna som finns i jästsvampar som utnyttjas. I lite mera modern tid så fick enzymer ett stort användningsområde i tvättmedel på grund av deras unika förmåga att bryta ner fett och smuts vid gThe use of enzymes for synthetic applications is an area of increasing interest. Enzymes have been pointed out to be an environmentally friendly alternative to existing chemical methods, as well as making completely new synthetic routes possible. Over the last decades, much focus has been put on the enzyme group oxidoreductases, which can selectively introduce oxygen and hydrogen into molecules. T
Summary form only given. Spectra were recorded from a fluorescent light tube under a number of experimental conditions and using different spectroscopic techniques. The motivation of the work was to use spectroscopic techniques for plasma diagnostics purposes. The spectrometers used were a high resolution echelle based instrument and a Fourier transform spectrometer in Lund and a low-resolution in
This chapter illustrates the intimate connection between creativity and learning in music making and it is suggested that agentive learning across the individual and collective may be studied as expansive learning. By drawing on empirical data from instrumental vocal tuition and professional organ improvisation, it is discussed how individual experiences of tensions and problems in artistic work m
Popular Abstract in French L'inquiétude grandit quant à la perte de la biodiversité liée aux changements d'utilisation des terres, l’effet de cette perte sur les services écosystémiques fournis par les communautés naturelles et semi-naturelles et, finalement, la menace que cela pourrait entraîner sur le bien-être de l’Homme. Ce travail de thèse examine l'impact de l'utilisation des terres présenteConcerns are increasing about the loss of biodiversity under land use change and how this will affect the ecosystem services provided by natural and semi-natural communities and consequently how this will threaten human well-being. The thesis examines the impact of present and past land use on different aspects of biodiversity; namely species diversity, traits and functional diversity and on ecos
A network model has been formulated and used for computer simulations of the geometry an mechanical behaviour of cellulose fibre networks. The focus is on the properties needed to proceed with a continuum analysis of fracture, that is stiffness, strength and fracture energy. It is found that the ductility of inter-fibre bonds has a strong effect on the fracture properties. Localization of the frac
Många människor upplever att de mår dåligt av inomhusmiljön i sina bostäder och på sina arbetsplatser. Detta är bakgrunden till att Formas under en sexårsperiod avsatt sammanlagt 180 miljoner kronor till forskning inom detta område. Projektet som den här rapporten bygger på är ett av många som på detta sätt ingår i insatsområdet ”Det sunda huset” och här anläggs ett vidare perspektiv på denna typ
This paper presents a quadrature VCO implemented in a standard 0.35µm CMOS process. The VCO draws 16mA from a 1.3V power supply, can be tuned between 1.91 GHz and 2.27GHz, and displays a phase noise of -140dBc/Hz or less at 3MHz offset frequency from the carrier, for a minimum phase-noise figure-of-merit of 184 dB. The maximum departure from quadrature between the VCO phases is 0.6°.
In 2001, when the Taliban decided to destroy numerous cultural artefacts, including two colossal Buddha statues, that they considered incompatible with their faith, a large outcry was heard across the Western world. From the UNESCO to the British Museum, and from the Dalai Lama to countless head of governments, all were united in condemning this act of ’cultural terrorism’ that was said to prove n
