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BACKGROUND: Patterns of spatial variation in discrete phenotypic traits can be used to draw inferences about the adaptive significance of traits and evolutionary processes, especially when compared to patterns of neutral genetic variation. Population divergence in adaptive traits such as color morphs can be influenced by both local ecology and stochastic factors such as genetic drift or founder ev
We analyze, using Monte Carlo simulations, how a dielectric medium, modeled as a Stockmayer fluid, modulates the force between two similarly charged surfaces. A major objective is to provide a basis for understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the primitive model. The system studied has uniformly charged walls separated by counterions and solvent, where the latter is kept at constant chemical
The calcium-mediated interaction of DNA with monolayers of the non-toxic, zwitterionic phospholipid, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine when mixed with 50 mol% of a second lipid, either the zwitteronic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine or neutral cholesterol was investigated using a combination of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy, external reflectance
We study the deeply virtual Compton scattering off a spin-one particle, as the case for the coherent scattering off a deuteron target. We extend our approach, formulated initially for a spinless case, and discuss the role of twist three contributions for restoring the gauge invariance of the amplitude. Using twist three contributions and relations, which emanate from the QCD equations of motion, w
In this study, the catalytic activity of wood-based catalysts produced by different activation methods was evaluated for the decomposition of hydrogen iodide (HI) as part of the sulfur-iodine hydrogen production process. The wood-based activated carbon catalysts showed strong improvement in the HI conversion compared to a blank, especially for carbon catalysts activated using H3PO4. Proximate anal
Knowledge about the need for care of elderly individuals in community dwellings and the factors affecting their needs and support is limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the frailty of a population of elderly individuals living in community dwellings in Sweden in relation to co-morbidity, use of drugs, and risk of severe conditions such as malnutrition, pressure ulcers, and falls. In
The paper reports on the bias stabilization of a 60-GHz resonant-tunneling diode (RTD)-based oscillator operated in pulsed mode. The oscillator contains an on-chip stabilizing capacitor, enabling the minimum dc consumption possible for such an RTD oscillator to be obtained, since all of the dc current is consumed by the active device. This is achieved without imposing restraints on the output powe
Disperse dyes are common sensitizers among textile dyes. Contact allergy to disperse dyes has been documented in studies carried out in southern Europe, however, corresponding studies have not been performed in the Scandinavian countries. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate the prevalence of allergic reactions to a mix of textile dyes consisting of 8 disperse dyes: Disperse (D) Blue 35, 10
First measurements are presented of the diffractive cross section sigma(ep) -> eXY at centre-of-mass energies root s of 225 and 252 GeV, together with a precise new measurement at root s of 319 GeV, using data taken with the H1 detector in the years 2006 and 2007. Together with previous H1 data at root s of 301 GeV, the measurements are used to extract the diffractive longitudinal structure functi
We provide magnitude and color transformations between two near-infrared photometric systems, 2MASS and SIRIUS, the latter currently implemented with the three-Channel SIRIUS camera on 1.4 m Infrared Survey Facility telescope at the South African Astronomical Observatory. The transformation equations are derived using a carefully selected sample of 32 770 stars in the. Large and Small Magellanic C
Bio-energy production from lignocelluloses biomass has gained a lot of interest in recent years. Miscanthus sp. are high lignocelluloses biomass yielding with relatively high carbohydrate content cultivable on different soils and under climatic conditions. However, the lignocellulosic nature means that cellulose and hemicellulose are cover by lignin network that might limit hydrolysis. In this stu
Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a 2 to 3-fold increased risk for cardiovascular disease compared to non-diabetic subjects. Exposure to a broad panel of risk factors in childhood may cause vascular damage with potentially long-term consequences for cardiovascular morbidity. The aims of the studies were to investigate in young patients with T1D whether: frequency of acute infections co
The immediate environment of handset antennas, including the casings and the users holding the handsets, has a strong impact on the radio channel in mobile communication. In this paper we investigate a composite channel method that synthetically combines double-directional measurements of the userless propagation channel with measured super-antenna patterns, i.e., patterns of the combined antenna-
We study the impact of interface roughness on the operation of mid-IR and THz quantum cascade lasers. Particular emphasis is given towards the differences between the Gaussian and exponential roughness distribution functions, for which we present results from simulation packages based on nonequilibrium Green's functions and density matrices. The Gaussian distribution suppresses scattering at high
