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Uppsatsens ämne är hur ”ändrade förhållanden” i kommersiella avtal behandlas inom avtalsrätten. Med ändrade förhållanden i avtalsrätten syftas det i uppsatsen till den situation då en plötsligt inträffad händelse, oväntad och ej orsakad av parterna drabbar avtalet. Om händelser i en pågående turbulent omvärld kan anses utgöra ändrade förhållanden är ett högaktuellt ämne som har väckt frågor om hurThe topic of this essay is how “changed circumstances” in commercial agreements are treated in contract law. In this essay, changed circumstances in contract law refers to a situation where a sudden incident, that is unexpected and not caused by the parties, affects the contract. Whether or not ongoing events in a turbulent world can be considered to constitute so-called changed circumstances is a

INTRODUCTION: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent healthcare-associated infection in intensive care units and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Current diagnostic criteria lack specificity, leading to misclassification and unnecessary antibiotic use. Identifying patient subgroups with a common pathophysiological basis (pneumoclusters) may distinguish true VAP

BACKGROUND: Pesticides play a crucial role in pest control; however, exposure remains high, particularly among smallholder farmers in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) with little access to pesticide safety training. This study aimed to provide comparative biomarker-based evidence from Latin America and Africa and identify actionable determinants of exposure to inform context-specific

Inom EU pågår arbete för att skydda viktiga naturområden bl.a. genom s.k. LIFE projekt (se t.ex. Eldridge m.fl. 2007). Därmed kan EU bidra med ekonomiskt stöd till biotop-vård, t.ex. upprätthållande av betesdriften på strandängarna, vilket bl.a. skedde genom projektet LIFE-BaltCoast (2007 – 2011) (http://www.life-balt-coast.eu/). Natura 2000-om-rådena skall samtidigt göras tillgängliga för turism.

Background Hypochondriasis, or health anxiety disorder, is associated with increased mortality, mainly from potentially preventable causes. Substance misuse is a well-known contributor to premature death, yet its relationship with hypochondriasis remains unclear. We assessed the risk of broadly defined substance-related problems in individuals diagnosed with hypochondriasis. Methods This Swedish r

This paper examines firefighter exposure to emissions during actual firefighting in building scenarios. The focus is on actual exposure, not small-scale lab tests, to identify research gaps in light of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classification of firefighting as an occupation with a heightened risk for certain types of cancer. The work is based on a systematic literatur

Global water scarcity requires innovative treatment solutions. This presentation explores three membrane-based concepts advancing from idea to pilot scale: stormwater harvesting with micro-/ultrafiltration (MF/UF), direct membrane filtration (DMF) for wastewater treatment, and a hybrid forward osmosis (FO), membrane distillation (MD), and nanofiltration (NF) system for seawater desalination.The EU

Mojtaba Khamenei’s rise to Iran’s supreme leadership represents the consolidation of dynastic power within the Islamic Republic. Long operating behind the scenes through the Supreme Leader’s office and the Islamic Revolutionary Guards, he has been widely viewed as the most likely successor to his father. His leadership signals continuity with the regime’s totalitarian structure and suggests a furt

Resisting obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compulsions is a key predictor of exposure and response prevention (ERP) effectiveness, yet trauma-exposed individuals with OCD endorse more severe compulsions and are more likely to be labelled 'treatment resistant.' Among trauma-exposed individuals, compulsions are theorised to function to prevent future trauma and cope with trauma-related responses.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a recently developed MRI technique for mapping the Mean Diffusivity of Tissue (MDT), which improves diffusion MRI imaging of the cerebral cortex by reducing partial volume effects from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). As cortical lesions are common in patients with focal epilepsy, we explored the clinical value of MDT imaging in patients with drug resistant epilepsy and low-gra

Aims ECG monitoring is often required during critical phases of illness. To evaluate the role of modern technology and advanced analytical algorithms artificial intelligence compared with standard-of care, we undertook a prospective, head-to-head comparison of a novel, cable-free, patch-based, and AI-enhanced electrocardiography system (CardioSenseSystem) with standard of care (SOC) ECG monitoring

This paper firstly proposes a simple yet efficient generalized approach to apply differential privacy to text representation (i.e., word embedding). Based on it, we propose a user-level approach to learn personalized differentially private word embedding model on user generated contents (UGC). To our best knowledge, this is the first work of learning user-level differentially private word embeddin

Background Parenthood is consistently identified as a protective factor for suicidal behavior. However, it remains unclear whether this relationship varies as a function of sex, age, time since birth, number of children, and other risk/protective factors. Methods We used Cox proportional hazards models to describe the relationship between the birth of up to four children and suicide attempt (SA) r

A major challenge hampering the industrial and biological exploitation of lipases is the self-limiting effect of the lipolytic reaction. Defying sustained attention throughout history, the influence of lipase catalysed lipolysis on the internal structure of thin triglyceride films has proved elusive. An in-depth understanding of the lipolysis process at the triglycerides/aqueous interface will ass

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries have emerged as strong contenders for sustainable energy storage; however, their widespread adoption is constrained by sluggish Zn2+ transport and suboptimal cathode performance. A rapid, energy-efficient solvothermal synthesis of Na2V6O16 is reported, and introduces cation vacancies via initial electrochemical engineering. This electrochemical pre-treatment generate

The diffusion of water and the cross relaxation between water and cellulose in a hydrated paper system were followed with the Goldman-Shen and the pulsed-field-gradient stimulated-echo NMR pulse sequences as a function of moisture content. The diffusion coefficient measured along the plane of the paper sheet is very sensitive to the moisture content; more water leads to faster diffusion. The cress

The first measurement of the polarisation of coherently photoproduced J/ψ mesons in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions, using data at sNN=5.02 TeV, is presented. The J/ψ meson is measured via its dimuon decay channel in the forward rapidity interval −4.0

Large language models (LLMs) and their applications in low-resource languages (such as in Vietnamese) are limited due to lack of training data and benchmarking datasets. This paper introduces a practical real-world implementation of a question answering system for Vietnamese, called ViGPTQA, leveraging the power of LLM. Since there is no effective LLM in Vietnamese to date, we also propose, evalua