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In light of the EU’s growing compliance problem and the generalized decline in Commission-led enforcement, this thesis studies the phenomenon of Commission inaction against breaches of EU law, and, specifically, Art. 2 TEU. By focusing on its lack of action against Spain’s non-renewal of the General Council of the Judiciary, a long-standing breach of the rule of law, this thesis aims to shed light

Since the Lisbon Treaty failed in strengthening the EU’s global actorness – not least within Russia’s sphere of interest – the EU has been described as ‘a global actor past its peak’. However, following Azerbaijan’s aggressions on Armenian sovereign territory in September 2022, Armenia invited the EU to deploy a CSDP mission in the country. Since Armenia is one of Russia’s closest allies and CSDP

For many years, the European Union has been aware that its trade with so-called “conflict minerals” has indirectly contributed to conflict and human rights abuses in third countries. In 2014, as a response to this contribution, the European Commission proposed a regulation aiming to control the products containing the minerals that enter the internal market. After three years of complex negotiatio

Traditional bottom-up implementation theory has focused primarily on local-level processes, but this perspective may not fully empower all relevant actors. Regarding the combat of the climate crisis, the implementation process must account for those who are directly affected by the policy's outcomes. Implementation theory could be re-examined through a feminist theoretical lens in order to bet

People's preferences for income inequality vary, and this research investigates the influence of socioeconomic status on these preferences. Drawing on a structural position theory that considers individuals’ self-interest and rationality to be driven by their socioeconomic status, this paper examines the extent to which socioeconomic status affects the likelihood of accepting income inequality

In this paper youth representation among Swedish local government politicians is examined. Although youth people (18-29 years) constitute 20% of the electorate only about 7 percent of the politicians are young. This means youths are represented at a quota of 37% compared to the other age groups that average at least 100%. The study aims to fins explanations in terms of individual resources and pol

The thesis focuses on the use of social mix policies within the framework of Denmark's public housing system and their impact on economic connectedness and upward mobility for low-income, vulnerable beneficiaries. By conducting a meta-ethnographic review, the research aims to examine a total of six key ethnographic studies on the implementation of social mix strategies, with a view to generati

I ett flertal utredningar utförda av den franska brottsbekämpande myndighet framkom det snabbt att en viss telefon hittats med personer som tillhör den organiserade brottsligheten. Denna telefon visade sig vara en EncroChat telefon som innehar en stark kryptering. Detta ledde till att de franska myndigheterna startade en operation i syfte att dekryptera EncroChat. Operationen ägde rum i Frankrike In several investigations carried out by the French law enforcement authorities, it quickly emerged that a certain phone was found with people belonging to organized crime. This phone turned out to be an EncroChat phone that has strong encryption. This led to the French authorities launching an operation to decrypt EncroChat. The operation took place in France but affected people in other countrie

Corruption is something that can undermine both the function of the public administration and democracy itself. Furthermore, to complicate matters, the word corruption includes a variety of meanings. Consequently, this essay aims to examine corruption from the point of view of several municipal officials from three Swedish municipalities. Thus, an interview study was conducted where eleven intervi

February 2011 began with demonstrations against Muammar al-Gaddafi in Libya. It quickly escalated into a violent civil war. The actions of the UN and NATO have been widely discussed. The purpose of this essay is to examine the objectives behind the UN’s and NATO’s intervention in Libya. This will be done by applying Graham Allison’s organizational model to the case to test its explanatory power. T

The Social democrats have traditionally been against joining alliances, and specifically Nato, to retain Sweden's neutrality. After Russia's invasion of Ukraine in the beginning of 2022 the social democrats made a drastic turn and decided to apply for membership in Nato. This study will explore how the Social democrats opinion about Nato has changed between 2014-2022. A discourse analysis

The 2017 Catalan independence referendum on the first of October was both a transformative event for the Catalan independence movement and the beginning of Spain’s constitutional crisis. The actions by the Spanish government could be described as repressive, but did audiences online interpret it as such? Protest and resistance, on the streets and online, criticising the government’s actions are ev

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the level of conict in the media between the government and the opposition at dierent time periods, and specically regarding EU policies. Opposition towards policy is a crucial ingredient in democratic systems of government that do not only allow the people to send dierent personalities to represent them in government, but rather dierent policy agendas that

The study aims to demonstrate to what extent speeches, Instagram posts and LinkedIn posts of Gianni Infantino, as the main representative of FIFA, have been marked by elements of Postcolonialism and sportswashing to influence the acceptance of the FIFA World Cup of 2022 in Qatar. The result of this study indicates that FIFA’s rhetoric is marked by Postcolonial elements. Also, the study suggests th

In this study I will examine whether or not there are any differences in the representation of ethnic minorities and women between Hollywood movies released in the 1990’s and remakes of the movies released in the late 2010’s. The study is based on the assumption that the numerous political movements for equality in the 2010’s, such as Black Lives Matter, #MeToo and #OscarsSoWhite, might have led t

This study examines the extent to which the Moderate Party’s 2022 election manifesto has been implemented in the Tidö-agreement through a comparative qualitative content analysis. The study uses coalition theory to create expectations and measure how much of the Moderate Party’s politics have been implemented. The theory suggests that due to their party size and to the fact that they have received

This study presents a descriptive analysis of democratic oversight of the Swedish security police. The thesis describes the structure and functioning of the system for supervising and controlling the security police. The purpose of this description is to connect it with existing theories, in the realm of democratic oversight of intelligence agencies, to identify strengths and weaknesses in the cur

Since its establishment in 1969, external actors have been significantly involved in the implementation of nature conservation in Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP). As climate change becomes increasingly tangible, conservation activities are frequently being deployed to protect ecosystems across the globe. Albeit an emphasis on community-participation, the philosophy of exclusionary protection

The Swedish national election of 2022 paved the way for potentially witnessing European issues being more prominent and contentious than ever before among the national parties. However, as the Member State has historically been characterised by its ambivalence towards the EU, there exist reasons to question this assumption. By drawing upon the context of the election, both before and after electio

Members of the European Parliament cast votes on a great range of issues. The approach to prostitution on the European Union level is a sensitive and dividing issue, with two main approaches: the abolitionist approach and the sex work approach. Policies on this moral issue is expected to create untraditional lines of conflict. The aim of this study is to see what can explain whether a member of th