During the last few decades so called “street gangs” have gained more and more power in both the United States and Central America. Mara Salvatrucha, a Los Angeles based gang, today has a strong presence in several American countries. This essay attempts to understand this development and poses the question: what makes street gangs turn into transnational crime organizations? The essay is based on

The controversy of the Swedish arms trade is expressed in the Swedish parliament as well as in the media. With the increase in arms trade profits, Sweden is in 2011 the country with the highest rate of arms trade per capita in the world. The core of the debate is the conflict between the national security interests, and human rights. Guidelines prohibit arms exports to countries in battle, in spit

A recurring theme in debates on European Union politics is the lack of enthusiasm and involvement of European citizens in the decision-making and legislative procedures, which may appear complex and impermeable. While some scholars deny the existence of a democratic deficit, others fear that continued failure to bridge the gap between the political elite and the constituents will lead to an ever-d

Föreliggande uppsats syftar till att förklara den kvinnliga underrepresentationen i det turkiska parlamentet från det tidiga rösträtts- och valbarhetsinförandet 1935 fram till 2011-års parlamentsval. Som teoretiskt ramverk och utgångspunkt används det statsvetenskapliga aktörs- och strukturperspektivet. Efter en teorigenomgång presenteras internationell forskning som tidigare har använts för att f

EU är en stark institution som har ett enormt inflytande över sina medlemsländer och därigenom de människor som är bosatta inom EU. Sedan unionens grundande har dess makt successivt ökat och i detta arbetar tar jag sikte på de tre första viktiga förhandsavgöranden kring tolkning av fördragstexten som EU-domstolen fattade beslut i. Dessa avgöranden är alla signifikativa för den utveckling hela unio

Den svenska skolan kan idag betraktas som ett skollotteri. Skillnader mellan skolor kan vara betydande till och med inom en och samma stad. Vi har valt att undersöka situationen i Malmö genom att jämföra två stadsdelar i staden: Limhamn-Bunkeflo och Rosengård. Undersökningen är baserad på 8 intervjuer med kommunpolitiker från stadsdelarna samt skolforskning. Vad som uppsatsen ämnar besvara är vilk

With the increasing importance of regions and their new role of promoting a balanced regional development, which demand cooperation and coordination among actors within the region, the theories of urban development that strongly emphasizes the competitive relations between cities are challenged. This master’s thesis examines the relations between the municipalities in the Swedish region of Skåne,

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between budget support and corruption. This is done by conducting a case study of political will to fight corruption of Tanzanian reformers, using Brinkerhoffs framework of political will. The study shows that the Tanzanian reformers have a weak political will to fight corruption, which impedes the results of the budget support. Also,budget supp

The aim of this study is to examine and further the understanding of the relationship between the EU and the rights of minorities. It will address how structures affect the development of rights in the member states and how member states in turn affect the structures. Through a descriptive qualitative literature study the objective structural conditions at play for development of minority rights a

Denna studie syftar till att visa på skolkulturens bidragande orsak till att en skola inte lyckas med sitt förändringsarbete. Den ämnar till att lyfta fram kulturbegreppet som en förklarande faktor som ofta får stå tillbaka för andra perspektiv som strävar efter att förklara varför vissa skolor inte lyckas med sina verksamhetsmål. I denna studie har vi avgränsat begreppet skolkultur till att endas

This thesis examines the role of elections in Sub Saharan Africa. The discourse regarding democratic transitions in Africa has since a while been slightly negative. Staffan I. Lindberg introduces a positive perspective with his book Democracy and Election in Africa. He argues that multi-party elections as an institution in newly democratizing countries, in Sub Saharan Africa, generate a causal fac

The interventions of the Turkish military in Turkish politics have been many and severe. As a consequence the development of a Turkish democracy has been backtracked and halted on occasions. The country’s aspirations for EU-membership have also been hindered. At the center of political (re)development in Turkish politics we find the constitution of 1982. This constitution, written by the military,

Who influence decision making? From a traditional worldview, in which the privilege to define the international policy arena was dedicated to one actor, the states; are we today observing a shift in paradigm. Several other actors entering the arena, determined to influence the policy agendas. One such actor is the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO). This study conducts a theory testing on NGO in

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Av jordens yta är ca 30 % täckt av skog och mer än 80 % av allt kol inbundet ovan mark återfinns i skogens växtlighet. Skogen är kopplad till atmosfären genomflöden av bland annat energi, vatten och koldioxid. Hur skogen brukas kan därför påverka klimatförändringen. När skog avverkas tas det mesta av det inbundna kolet ovan mark bort. Kvar är resterna från avverForests have a large role in the global carbon cycle. Forest management could play a crucial role in mitigating climate change. With a growing demand for renewable energy the forest could contribute. Stumps are one of the potential energy sources from the forest. In this study a pine dominated clear-cut area was surveyed in regard of stump biomass, carbon fluxes and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sto

Syfte; Vårt syfte med studien är att lära oss om man kan styra ett kreativt beteende och i så fall vilka faktorer som kan påverka detta, dels beroende på företagets styrmedel och dels förhållandet mellan individ och grupp. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ studie med ett induktivt förhållningssätt i form av en fallstudie där vi under en period hösten 2011 studerade ett företag inom distanshandel. Ut

Förlikningsavtal i patenttvister ligger i brytpunkten mellan patenträtten och konkurrensrätten. Patent är ett lagligt monopol som ges som belöning till innovativa företag för väl utfört värv, medan konkurrensrätten strävar efter att begränsa eller förhindra den skada ett monopol utgör för marknaden. Förlikningsavtal med omvänd betalning kan antingen ses som ett legitimt sätt för en patentinnehavarPatent settlement agreements lie in the intersection of patent rights and competition law. Patents are legal monopolies that are given to innovators as a reward for their findings, and competition law strives to limit the harm monopolies do to the market. Patent settlements in which the patent holder pays the generic manufacturer a not to market a competitive and possible infringing product, can e

Studien behandlar musikundervisningens genrebredd i årskurs 7-9. Intervjuer har utförts med fyra högstadielärare och 17 elever i årskurs 8 på fyra olika skolor i en svensk stad. Utgångs-punkten för studien är att undervisning i flera olika genrer främjar elevernas musikkunskap. Lärarna i studien låter förstå att enbart vissa genrer går hem hos eleverna och dessa genrer är oftast pop och rock. LäraTitle: How wide is the music education? A study of genre diversity in music education in elementary school. The study investigates the diversity of musical genre in music education for 7th to 9th grade pupils in Swedish schools. There have been interviews with secondary school teachers and 17 pupils in 8th grade from four different schools in a Swedish town. The starting point is that education i

Our aim was to undertake a qualitative study of how a team of football players from foreign backgrounds viewed and described their own team’s identity. Furthermore we wanted to examine how they would, generally, define their national identity. The subjects of our study were seven male football players aged between 19 and 29 years old who resided in the south of Sweden. The results of our study in

Who can become a foster home? An illumination of the foster home secretaty´s role in the selection process Is it possible for anyone to become a foster parent? What if you are homosexual, highly religious or from a foregin culture; is it even worthwhile to applay? We were curious about if one person´s prejudice can effect wehether a person applaying is approved or not. We interviewed social worke

The purpose of this study was to analyze the intermediate and ultimate outcomes of the collaborations that have been conducted between environmental non-profit organizations and the local government of Kyoto City within the city’s Local Agenda 21-policy. Through a literature review and an interview-based case study in Kyoto the local context was studied. The creation of the Kyoto Local Agenda 21