Long-distance migratory animals such as birds and bats have evolved to withstand selection imposed by pathogens across the globe, and pathogen richness is known to be particularly high in tropical regions. Immune genes, so-called Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes, are highly duplicated in songbirds compared to other vertebrates, and this high MHC diversity has been hypothesised to resul

Human communication is by default polysemiotic: it involves the spontaneous combination of two or more semiotic systems, the most important ones being language, gesture, and depiction. We formulate an original cognitive-semiotic framework for the analysis of polysemiosis, contrasting this with more familiar systems based on the ambiguous term "multimodality."To be fully explicit, we developed a co

(I) We revisit the algorithmic problem of finding all triangles in a graph G= (V, E) with n vertices and m edges. According to a result of Chiba and Nishizeki (1985), this task can be achieved by a combinatorial algorithm running in O(mα) = O(m3 / 2) time, where α= α(G) is the graph arboricity. We provide a new very simple combinatorial algorithm for finding all triangles in a graph and show that

Background and purpose — At our institution, new-borns with Barlow or Ortolani positive hips have been treated for 12 weeks with the von Rosen abduction splint until 2012 when the treatment length was halved. We inves-tigate whether acetabular development at 12 months of age and complications differ between hips treated with the von Rosen splint for 6 compared with 12 weeks. Patients and methods —

Providing a novel research methodology for students and scholars with an interest in dynasties, at all levels, this book explores the Spanish Habsburg dynasty that ruled the Spanish monarchy between c. 1515 and 1700. Instead of focusing on the reigns of successive kings, the book focuses on the Habsburgs as a family group that was constructed in various ways: as a community of heirs, a genealogica

Despite the centrality of research phenomena, the process of their definition is often neglected and reduced to a simple choosing of pre-established subjects of interest. However, good research not only includes empirical work aimed at more or less ‘given as fact’ phenomena. It also involves phenomena construction: that is, the process of generating and establishing phenomena to investigate and th

In this paper I construct a system of semantics for classical and intuitionistic propositional logic based on epistemic norms governing belief expansion. Working in the AGM-framework of belief change, I give a generalisation of Gärdenfors’ notion of belief systems which can be defined without reference to a logical consequence operator by using a version of the Ramsey Test. These belief expansion

Over the past few decades, cognitive science has identified several forms of reasoning that make essential use of conceptual knowledge. Despite significant theoretical and empirical progress, there is still no unified framework for understanding how concepts are used in reasoning. This paper argues that the theory of conceptual spaces is capable of filling this gap. Our strategy is to demonstrate

Malnutrition is the most common comorbidity during the continuum of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and negatively impacts clinical outcomes, response to therapy, quality of life, and costs. The intensive conditioning regimen administered before transplant causes inflammatory damages to the gastrointestinal system, which themselves contribute to trigger graft versus host disease (GvHD) i

Architecture is currently facing a period of transformational change which is driven by an increasing awareness of sustainability imperatives combined with technological advancements in the form of digitalisation of design and fabrication processes. These issues both introduce new layers of complexity and necessitate strategies to navigate them. This thesis explores an aspect of this transformatio

BACKGROUND: Early-stage knee osteoarthritis (KOA) classification criteria will enable consistent identification and trial recruitment of individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) at an earlier stage of the disease when interventions may be more effective. Toward this goal, we identified how early-stage KOA has been defined in the literature.METHODS: We performed a scoping literature review in PubM

PURPOSE: To identify potential prognostic factors for patient-reported outcomes in an Icelandic cohort of ACL injured subjects.METHODS: All knee MRI reports written in Iceland between the years 2001 to 2011 were read to identify individuals with a possible ACL injury. These individuals were contacted and asked to complete an online questionnaire regarding their injury and current knee related heal

We provide a detailed account of the origin and establishment of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and celebrate its history from inception to the current day. We discuss the mission, vision and strategic objectives of OARSI and how these have developed and evolved over the last 3 decades. We celebrate the achievements of the society as we approach its 30th birthday, honor

Objective: To provide a summary of the translational gaps in musculoskeletal research as identified in the Mine the Gap workshop and propose possible solutions. Methods: The Mine the Gap online workshop was hosted on October 14th and 15th, 2020. Five international panels, each comprised of a clinician, clinical researcher and basic scientist, presented gaps and proposed solutions for the themes of

BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury of the knee is common in young active adults and often has severe and sometimes lifelong consequences. The clinical management of this injury remains debated. A prior trial of early versus delayed optional ACL repair showed no differences in outcomes at 2 years. METHODS We present the 11-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial involving 121

The cortical alterations underpinning the acquisition of motor skills remain debated. In this longitudinal study in younger adults, we acquired performance and neuroimaging (7 T MRI) measures weekly over the course of 6 weeks to investigate neural changes associated with learning sequences of simultaneous finger presses executed with the non-dominant hand. Both the intervention group (n = 33), whi

Purpose: Avian haemosporidians are widespread parasites, occurring in many bird families and causing pathologies ranging from rather benign infections to highly virulent diseases. The state of knowledge about lineage-specific intensities of haemosporidian infection (i.e., parasitaemia) is mainly based on infection experiments conducted under laboratory conditions. The levels and range of parasitae

In this chapter, we review existing research on gender and public diplomacy and discuss the significance of gender as an analytical and a practical concept for public diplomacy scholars and practitioners. We outline two broad themes that have emerged in the literature to date and point to some blind spots in the research. We then turn to the challenging task of outlining a new, gender-sensitive ap