Background Although childbearing is known to protect against breast cancer, whether or not breastfeeding contributes to this protective effect is unclear. Methods Individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries that included information on breastfeeding patterns and other aspects of childbearing were collected, checked, and analysed centrally, for 50 302 women with invasive breas

Normal maturation of immune response at birth is both supported and stimulated by the gastrointestinal microenvironment, which provides both nutrients and antigenic microbial exposure to the developing child. Micronutrients, trace elements, and vitamins are present in the local environment and have important regulatory effects on adaptive immune cell function through effects on type of cytokine re

This study aims to explore the development in child and adult grammars of a noun-related feature in French, namely gender. In brief, previous research has shown that gender assignment and gender agreement in a language such as French is just as easy for the mono- or bilingual child (Carroll, 1989; Clark, 1985; Müller, 1990, 1994) as it is difficult for the (adult) L2 learner (Bartning, 2000; Carro

In spite of the growing importance of planned,centrally managed and enclosed shopping centres in the retailing sector,the understanding concerning sources and outcomes of customer satisfaction with this kind of shopping malls is limited.This paper develops and vali- dates a conceptualisation of shopping mall satisfaction based on ?eld studies in Sweden.The results show that eight underlying factor

The Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell has been investigated for a long time because it has a high power density, low emission, wide choice of fuel sources, etc. However, the performance of a stack of PEM cells degrades with respect to that of a single cell. This is mainly due to the introduction of the manifold in which supplies the reactants to individual cells. The manifold can induce an

A comprehensive study of the photophysical behavior of poly(acrylic acids) randomly labeled with pyrene using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy is presented. The influence of external factors, such as different solvents and pH in the aqueous solution, on the polymer photophysics has been investigated. These factors induce major changes in the polymer conformation, which are

Eddy flux tower measurements, ground-based reflectance measurements, regionally modeled data, and data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were used in this study of an ombrotrophic bog in southern Sweden. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate how the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), light-use efficiency (epsiv), and gross pr

Emigrants remittances have increased rapidly over the past two decades. While earlier studies have focused on their microeconomic effect on incomes and poverty in recipient countries, the present study concentrates on the macroeconomic impact of remittances on the real exchange rate in Cape Verde. A main conclusion is that remittances give rise to a sort of Dutch Disease effect and thereby have an

Abstract in UndeterminedVery large MIMO is a technique that potentially can offer large network capacities in multi-user scenarios where the users are equipped only with single antennas. In this paper we are investigating channel properties for a realistic, though somewhat extreme, outdoor base station scenario using a large array. We present measurement results using a 128 element linear array ba

Changes in technologies which have put computing power on the desktop over the past 25 years give an impression of increased empowerment for the end-user when compared to previous generations of hardware and software. However, in practice, latest developments in desktop computing and related technologies have led to more and more centralized control of ‘end-users’ workspaces. This phenomenon leads