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Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka domstolarnas placering av bevisbördan i fordringsmål mot bakgrund av bevisbördeteorier utvecklade i doktrin och praxis. För att uppfylla detta syfte undersöks och granskas flertalet rättsfall mellan åren 2009 och 2019 där bevisbördans placering har diskuterats. Rättsfallen visar vilka regler och teorier som främst har använts och hur domstolarna har resonerThe purpose of this work is to examine the courts' placement of the burden of proof in the light of the theories about burden of proof which were developed in literature and practice. To fulfill this purpose, several legal cases between the years 2009 and 2019, in which the location of the burden of proof has been discussed, are examined and analyzed. The cases show which rules and theories ha

Reaching the 1.5°C target of the Paris Agreement not only requires ambitious goals from national governments, but also the active participation of local municipalities. It is in cities where climate actions need to be implemented to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reach the international and national climate goals. While the importance of cities and their participation in networks has been wel

The persistence and growth of the informal economy in South America is considered one of the most relevant problems in the region. However, studying informality across countries can be a complicated task due to the lack of homogeneous concepts and measurements. In this study, a database is constructed and harmonized with household survey data from 9 South American countries for 2019. This research

Through case law in regional human rights systems and several reports by the United Nations, the link between climate change and human rights was established. But an international human right to a healthy environment has not been recognized yet. There is still a discrepancy between those who are the main contributor to climate change and those suffering the most under it. The quest to change the u

The time individuals spend in isolation has increased greatly following the preventive measures taken as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Subsequently, measuring personal time has gradually become of more importance to that of collective time - where it is assessed in coordination to others. This project attemps to introduce a new way of timekeeping and time perception to the general publ

Uppsatsen undersöker hur förvarsbestämmelserna i lagen om särskild utlänningskontroll (1991:572, härefter LSU) förhåller sig till rätten till frihet och säkerhet, oskyldighetspresumtionen samt legalitetsprincipen. Detta syftar till att utreda huruvida lagstiftningen utifrån ett rättssäkerhetsperspektiv är en lämplig åtgärd för att förhindra terrorism. Uppsatsen syftar även till att placera LSU i eThe thesis examines the relationship between the detention regime in the Special Controls of Aliens Act (SFS 1991:572, SCAA) and the right to personal liberty and security; the presumption of innocence; and the principle of legality. The aim is to assess whether the legislation is a suitable counter-terrorism measure from a rule of law perspective. The thesis also aims to place the SCAA in an inte

Sammanfattning Titel: IFRS 15 - Full eller modifierad retroaktiv tillämpning? En studie om standardens effekter och faktorer bakom företags val av övergångsmetod. Seminariedatum: 2 juni 2021 Ämne/kurs: FEKH69, Examensarbete i redovisning på kandidatnivå, 15 högskolepoäng Författare: Julia Baeza, Vendela Barth och Felicia Sonesson Handledare: Kristina Artsberg Nyckelord: IFRS 15, intäktsredovisningAbstract Title: IFRS 15 - Full or Modified Retrospective Application? A study of the standard’s effects and the factors behind companies’ choice of transition method. Seminar date: June 2nd, 2021 Course: FEKH69, Degree Project Undergraduate level, Business Administration, 15 University Credits Points (ECTS) Authors: Julia Baeza, Vendela Barth and Felicia Sonesson Advisor: Kristina Artsberg Key wor

Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is a concept where water is stored in an aquifer during times when it is available, thus creating artificial groundwater, which can later be recovered by pumping when it is needed (Pyne, 1995). One ASR cycle consists of a injection, a standby and a recovery phase. The purpose of this work is to investigate the feasibility of large scale ASR systems intended for l

Naturlig språkbehandling och prostatacancer Naturlig språkbehandling är ett område inom maskininlärning för att förstå och generera text och tal. I detta arbete använder vi naturlig språkbehandling på patientjournaltexter relaterade till prostatacancer, för att klassificera dem samt extrahera relevant information. Prostatacancer är den vanligaste typen av cancer bland män och varje år dör 2400 iIn Sweden, prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men. The care need within prostate cancer will get higher as the population increases and gets older. With this in mind, there is a need to streamline the care pathway. One way to do this is with a clinical decision support system. Here natural language processing (NLP) plays an important role to handle the big amount of free text

Hydropower projects have rapidly increased in Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey, putting local women’s socio-environmental engagements with rivers in danger. This thesis examines the hydropower projects in the aforementioned region, from the Feminist Political Ecology perspective, with an intersectional look, and thus explores how the hydropower projects have resulted in reproducing social inequa

Uppföljning av utbredningen för vresros och parkslide på delar av Gotland Invasiva främmande arter som vresros och parkslide är ett stort hot mot biologiska mångfalden, naturen och människors hälsa. Gotland har en unik natur med mycket biologisk mångfald, som ö är Gotlands ekosystem extra känsligt för invasiva arter då ekosystemet har utvecklats under isolation under en lång tid. Vresros och park

Youth offending is a debated topic in Sweden today, a field in which a new sanction, ungdomsövervakning, now has been legislated. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine the expectations and views of the authorities which will implement the new sanction and how these relate to the objective of the legislation. Furthermore, the paper also explores how the sanction can be viewed from a societ

Vi lever i en värld där produkter konsumeras i en allt snabbare takt och där det sällan tas ansvar för det skapade avfallet. Plast är på många sätt ett otroligt material men det sätter en stor belastning på miljön både genom produktion och som avfall. Alternativ till konventionell, helt fossilbaserad plast har funnits och utvecklats under en tid nu, till exempel genom återvinning av PET-flaskor. IWe live in a world where products are consumed at an ever increasing rate, and where responsibility for the waste created is seldom taken. Plastics are in many ways wondrous materials, but they put a big strain on the environment, both in production and as waste. Alternatives to the conventional, virgin fossil-based plastics have been available and emerging for some time now, for example seen in t

Ett försök att designa metamorfa protein Ett centralt koncept inom biologi är att proteiner utför sina funktioner baserat på deras tredimensionella struktur. Vår förståelse kring faktorerna som styr vilken struktur ett protein får säger oss att ett protein antar den struktur som är energimässigt stabilast. Detta avgörs i sin tur av ordningen av proteinets aminosyror – dess ”byggstenar” – och hur

Vattenkraft är en omfattande nationell industri som förser Sverige med ungefär 45 % av dess energiproduktion (Molin 2016). Ett problem branschen brottas med är rödfärgade utfällningar som sätter igen mätinstrument och dränageledningar vid dammarna, så kallat. rödslam. Rödslammet produceras av järnoxiderande bakterier, FeOB, som oxiderar Fe(II) till Fe(III) (Hamrén 2013). Det partikulära järnet aHydropower is an extensive national industry which supplies Sweden with about 45 % of its total energy produced (Molin 2016). A problem which the industry is currently fighting is the presence of ochre-colored precipitations that clog vital measuring tools and drainage pipes at the dams, commonly called red mud. The red mud is produced by iron-oxidizing bacteria, FeOB, which oxidize Fe(II) to F

Produkter vi köper påverkar miljön under hela livscykeln, från produktion till omhändertagande av avfall. Flera studier har visat att en ökad användning av naturresurser är direkt förknippad med en ökad miljöpåverkan. En omställning till mer hållbara alternativ vore därför mer fördelaktigt för miljön. Ett alternativ för en mer hållbar konsumtion är återtillverkning. Återtillverkning är en process An increase in the use of natural resources is directly associated with an increased environmental impact. It is therefore of importance to lead the manufacturing industry towards a route of material efficiency. Remanufacturing is an industrial process that brings a used product and its components back to like-new or better condition. By avoiding manufacturing of new products, great savings in vir

Five Xantha-m chlorophyll-deficient mutants which are lethal after the seedling stage have been already discovered in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and a candidate gene, SecA1, was recently identified by Bulked segregant analysis (BSA). SecA1 protein participates in the stroma-to-lumen protein transfer across the thylakoid membrane. In this study, the Xantha-m gene was analyzed. Western blotting exp

It is commonly assumed that algorithmic curation of search results creates filter bubbles, where users’ beliefs are continually reinforced and opposing views are suppressed. However, empirical evidence has failed to support this hypothesis. Instead, we suggest that filter bubbles may result from individuals acting selectively on information made available by search engines. When presented with sea

Government and individual responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have had significant health and economic consequences. Governments imposed measures, including lockdowns, designed to suppress transmission and alleviate the burden on health systems, while private individuals exercised voluntary social distancing, compliance with government-imposed measures and exhibited incre

Purpose: This study aims to add and extend onto the existing studies regarding open innovation in SMEs but to tackle it from a neglected angle that is operating during times of uncertainty. Additionally, this study seeks to explore the mechanisms which SMEs use to reduce R&D budgets, increase the quality of innovations and continue the pace of innovations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodo