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Ramanspektroskopi är en välkänd teknik som används för att mäta koncentrationer av kemiska ämnen i förbränningsprocesser. Uppställningen för mätmetoden är i sig relativt enkel, då allt som egentligen behövs är en laser som skickar laserpulser igenom flamman. Ljus kan ses som en samling partiklar, kallade fotoner. När ljuset träffar molekylerna i flamman kommer molekylernas absorption av fotonerna A multi-pass Raman spectroscopy setup, consisting of a measuring cell built as a cavity, using two concave circular mirrors, has been constructed and optimized. As the light reflects between the mirrors, the Stokes Raman signal is enhanced with every pass through the cavity. The setup is tested by measurements of species in ambient laboratory air, N2 gas flowing through a transparent plastic tube,

This paper investigates the determinants of corporate cash holdings in the casino and gambling industry. The trade-off, pecking order and free cash flow theory are all popular methods for explaining the determinants of cash holdings for general firms. This paper examines traditional financial variables, macroeconomic variables and a specific time period variable for the effects of the financial cr

Smartphones ger dig tillgång till internet, tusentals appar och telefoni i en förpackning inte större än att den får plats i din ficka. Det är en av produkterna av 50 års forskning inom halvledarteknik. Forskning som idag står inför en stor utmaning med att fortsätta utvecklandet i samma takt som tidigare \cite{MArden2002371}. Den här artikeln beskriver försök att undersöka nya material som kan löThe down scaling of metal-oxide-semiconductor based devices has been halted by the shortcomings of silicon. To enable further miniaturization new materials are required. The proposed replacements include compound III-V semiconductors and high-k oxides, the implementation of which has been difficult. This work investigates metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors fabricated on InAs substrate. The oxide

Vid all skärande bearbetning bildas spånor som en biprodukt. Mängden spånor varierar beroende på hur arbetsstycket och slutprodukten ser ut. I vissa fall är det 70-80 % av utgångsmaterialet som omvandlas till spån under förädlingen. Skärspånen måste återvinnas på något sätt och det vanligaste sättet att återvinna materialet är att skicka tillbaka restprodukten till leverantören som smälter ner det

Children who witness violence against a parent falls victim to a form of mental abuse. The children often react in fear, anxiety and sadness. Children who witness violence are as much in need of help and support as those children who are themselves victims of violence. A person who is subjected to violence by their partners in Sweden have an opportunity to seek protection. With the help of social

The public sector in Sweden has since the 1980´s looked for inspiration from businesses and corporations in the organization of their work. This due to the emergence of a management trend known as new public management. One effect has been a spread of the concept of lean in multiple public sector organizations all over the country. Lean is a concept and method used to achieve efficiency and qualit

The aim of this study was to investigate the professional role of the foster care officer and how this was affected by working with private operators. This includes how duties, discretion and professionalization were affected by the private operators. The study was of a qualitative approach including seven interviews with social workers working within foster care, in Skåne. The analysis was based

A Shattered Profession - A survey of the variation wihtin the profession of social work The aim of this study was to describe the recruitment requirements that employers place on typical positions for social workers as well as to understand the meaning of the social work profession in the semi-profession. Previous research on work advertisements have focused on how different sets of skills have b

Corporate bankruptcy prediction has become a popular research topic since 1960s, and default risk management plays a more significant role among investors, debtors and the lenders. The Altman’s z-score model, the KMV model, and the Naïve model are well-known and widely used bankruptcy prediction models. This paper focuses on examining the bankruptcy prediction accuracy of these three models in the

This paper investigates the accuracy of three different methods that are used to perform a relative valuation. I also study the valuation accuracy of the three most widely used multiples used within these methods, the enterprise value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA), the forward-looking price per share to earnings per share (P/EPS1), and the price-book (P/B). In addition, the difference between industries r

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka rättsreglerna gällande fel i materiella uppdragsavtal, samt hur uppdragstagarens felansvar ter sig och vad detta omfattar. Därtill skall uppsatsen i mindre utsträckning utreda huruvida det finns någon genomgående röd tråd inom felansvaret. Omfånget av uppsatsen grundas i standardavtal och lagstiftning för att söka vägledning och stärka upp de olika ansvarsomThis paper aims to examine the legal provisions of fault and deficiencies in commercial material commission and how the contractor’s liability for those deficiencies appear, and what it covers. In addition, the aim with the paper is to also see if there is a consistent “red thread” in the liabilities. To achieve the extent of the thesis, standard contracts and legislation have been used as guidanc

China is experiencing a rapid economic transformation, which witnesses a vast number of labourers moving out of agricultural sectors. In such a transformation, the effect of spatial income variance on labour’s off-farm work decision is still unclear. Based on the cross-sectional data from the national survey conducted in 2012, this study finds the effect on two kinds of off-farm employment, wage e

Bakgrund: Dörröppningar till operationssalen under pågående operation påverkar ventilationen, vilket kan öka risken för postoperativ sårinfektion. Vid ortopedisk implantat- och allmän ortopedisk kirurgi ska ultraren luft uppnås för att förebygga vårdrelaterade infektioner. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka frekvensen av dörröppningar till operationssalen vid ortopedisk implantatkirurgi i

This research paper analyses the relationship between average excess stock return and market beta on the Nasdaq OMX Stockholm for the period 1999 to 2015. By using the Fama-MacBeth approach and several additional regressions, we are able to examine if the relationship exists on days when the market anticipates receiving news regarding monetary policy decision by the Riksbank, Federal Reserve, Euro

Kränkningar på Facebook är vanligt förekommande och kan ta olika former. Den här studien fokuserar på det näthat som kränker individer på grund av deras etniska ursprung. Studiens frågeställningar berör skillnader i beteende på Facebook mellan människor som är mer respektive mindre rasistiska samt människor med hög respektive låg ingruppsidentifikation med gruppen svenskar. Studien genomfördes somHarassment on Facebook is common and comes in different forms. This study focus on expressions of hatred online that offends people based on their ethnic background. The questions at issue cover differences in behaviour on Facebook between more or less racist people and between people who strongly identify themselves respectively not that strongly identify themselves with Swedes. The study was per

I dagens arbetsliv förekommer stress och anställningsotrygghet, som en funktion av det flexibla och föränderliga samhället. Dessa två faktorer behandlades i denna uppsats i relation till socialt stöd, en resurs som visats lindra dessa. Syftet med studien var att undersöka sambanden mellan olika källor av socialt stöd och upplevd stress samt att undersöka sambanden mellan olika källor av socialt stToday, stress and job insecurity oftentimes occur due to a flexible and uncertain job market. As social support has demonstrated a mitigating effect on stress and job insecurity, the purpose of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between different sources of social support and perceived stress, as well as perceived qualitative and quantitative job insecurity. The sources comprised supe

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze if and how advertising and gender equality in Sweden may affect and relate to each other. We want to analyze advertising images from 1950 ́s until 2016 and examine the relationship between different discourses. Method: This study uses a qualitative method where a feminist image analysis of advertising images are used to create a deeper understandin

Title: The Perceived Influences of Managerial Activities on Intrapreneurship: A Case Study at IBM Submission Date: 20th of May, 2016 Course: BUSN49: Degree Project, 15 ECTS, Spring 2016 Authors: Laura Reichartz & Lea Weinert Supervisor: Mats Benner Keywords: Intrapreneurship, Innovation, Sense-making, Management Systems Purpose We aim to unravel employees' understanding and perceptio

The study derives from the concerns of climate change, the need for mitigation and adaption as well for more environmentally sustainable transport systems. A solution for reducing emissions from the transportation sector is to shift freight transports from road to sea- a solution for future environmental sustainability. As a foundation for how Scania should work with sea transportation as an alter