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Considerations for the design, analysis and presentation of in vivo studies

OBJECTIVE: To describe, explain and give practical suggestions regarding important principles and key methodological challenges in the study design, statistical analysis, and reporting of results from in vivo studies.CONCLUSIONS: Pre-specifying endpoints and analysis, recognizing the common underlying assumption of statistically independent observations, performing sample size calculations, and ad

Pattern recognition of nerve signals using an artificial neural network

By using a microfabricated nerve chip with integrated electrodes through which peripheral nerves can generate and make electrical connects, it should be possible to control a remote prosthesis by processing the detected nerve signals. In this study different artificial neural networks have been employed for classification of such complex patterns of signals. The signals were obtained from four ele

Developmental adaptation of rat nociceptive withdrawal reflexes after neonatal tendon transfer

Nociceptive withdrawal reflexes (NWRs) were studied in adult rats in which the movement patterns produced by single muscles had been altered by neonatal tendon transfer. NWRs evoked by cutaneous noxious mechanical and thermal (CO2-laser) stimulation were recorded using electromyography in a decerebrate spinal preparation. The sensitivity distribution within the receptive fields of the NWRs of the

Cutaneous field stimulation (CFS) : A new powerful method to combat itch

Scratching the skin, while instantly relieving itch, often aggravates itch over time due to skin injury. To relieve itch, without damaging the skin, a new technique termed cutaneous field stimulation (CFS) was developed and tested on 21 subjects. CFS uses a flexible plate with needle-like electrodes (n = 16) to electrically stimulate nerve fibres in the superficial skin. The electrodes were stimul