Liquid-liquid flow regimes in three square microchannels were visualized simultaneously both at the cross-shaped junction and in the microchannel “far” from the junction in order to reveal flow regime evolutions along the microchannel. At the inlet junction, three major flow regimes including tubing/threading, dripping and jetting were mapped using the aqueous capillary number versus the organic W

This paper investigates the formation scaling control problem for multi-agent systems by utilizing the stress matrix associated with a universally rigid framework. Compared with the existing results on formation scaling control, we consider a more challenging scenario where only one agent has the knowledge of the desired formation size. To cope with this constraint, we first propose a distributed

Many reinforced concrete bridges in Europe and around the world are damaged by reinforcement corrosion and the annual maintenance costs are enormous. It is therefore important to develop reliable methods to assess the structural capacity of corroded reinforced concrete structures and avoid unnecessary maintenance costs. Although there are advanced models for determining the load carrying capacity

On-going human population growth and changing patterns of resource consumption are increasing global demand for ecosystem services, many of which are provided by soils. Some of these ecosystem services are linearly related to the surface area of pervious soil, whereas others show non-linear relationships, making ecosystem service optimization a complex task. As limited land availability creates co

To locate a prey a predator may rely on information originating from the habitat or the food of the prey, from the prey itself or its feeding activities. This study examines the origin of information used by the soil living predatory mite Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini) when foraging for a fungivorous collembolan prey Folsomia f metaria (L.). Preference experiments were performed in Petri dishes,

Jets created in association with a photon can be used as a calibrated probe to study energy loss in the medium created in nuclear collisions. Measurements of the transverse momentum balance between isolated photons and inclusive jets are presented using integrated luminosities of 0.49 nb−1 of Pb + Pb collision data at sNN=5.02 TeV and 25 pb−1 of pp collision data at s=5.02 TeV recorded with the AT

Aggregation pheromones of Drosophila immigrans, D. phalerata and D. subokscura were demonstrated by testing attraction of adult flies to hexane extracts of the flies in a windtunnel bioassay. Extracts of adult males of all species attracted conspecific males and females. However. D. suhobscura flies were attracted only when the extract was applied on food. GC-MS analysis identified (Z)-11-octadece

Parasitoids foraging for larvae of Drosophila flies can use odours of adults of their hosts as well as odours of the food of their host larvae. Adult Drosophila deposit volatile aggregation pheromones into a substrate when mating and ovipositing. In this paper three species of parasitoids with different degrees of host specialization are compared in bioassays with regard to innate responses to agg

We introduce a fabrication method for gate-all-around nanowire field-effect transistors. Single nanowires were aligned perpendicular to underlying bottom gates using a resist-trench alignment technique. Top gates were then defined aligned to the bottom gates to form gate-all-around structures. This approach overcomes significant limitations in minimal obtainable gate length and gate-length control

1. Resource partitioning of two sympatric species of collembolans, Orchesella cincta and Tomocerus flavescens, was explored from differences in their food odour perception. 2. Preferences of the collembolans of odours from four fungal species and a green alga were tested in a Y-tube olfactometer. The collembolans were separated by only one dif- ference in odour preference; Cladosporium herbarum wa

In view of the grazing optimization theory, we examined the effects of different intensities of grazing by the enchytraeid Cognettia sphagnetorum (Vejdovsky) on microbial respiration and hyphal length in soil. In a feeding experiment we established that C. sphagnetorum feeds on the fungus Mortierella isabellina (Oudem) and that the worms disperse fungal propagules. Grazing of C. sphagnetorum with

Controllable particle assisted growth (PAG) of III-V nanowires is today almost exclusively done with Au, Ga or In nanoparticles, whereas other metals often yield nanowires with uncontrolled growth directions. To improve the control of the initial growth direction in PAG, independent of choice of metal, we propose to initiate nanowire growth from a group-III-rich foreign metal particle. For III-V n

1. Dispersal in a fungivore species of Collembola, Onychiurus armatus, in a homo- geneous soil was theoretically approached as a deterministic compartmental process, in which the movement of animals between discrete patches could be described by a series of differential equations or by the discrete geometric probability distribution, assuming a constant probability to move from one patch to the ne

The compensatory growth potential of a grazed fungal biomass was mathematically expressed as a function of patchiness in its distribution and demonstrated in an experiment using the fungivorous collembolan Onychiurus armatus and the soil fungi Verticillium bulbillosum and Penicillium spinulosum. The model addresses the regrowth potential in relation to patch fragmentation, travelling time and cons

The olfactorial response of the fungivorous soil collembolan Onychiurus armatus was examined in a bioassay covering volatile compounds identified in the odor blends of two of its preferred fungal species Monierella isabellina and Verticillium bulbillosum. The odor of the fungi was trapped using activated carbon filters, extracted with diethyl ether, and subjected to GC-MS analysis. About 50% of th

Hyphal morphology and extracellular enzyme production of the fungus Mortierella isabellina were studied during grazing by a soil Collembola, Onychiurus armatus. Grazing induced switching from a "normal" hyphal mode, with appressed growth and sporulating hyphae, to fan shaped sectors of fast growing and nonsporulating mycelium which developed extensive aerial mycelium. Specific protease and α-amyla

Both male and female Orchesella cincta (Collembola) were able to discriminate between spermatophores of different origin. Females chose spermatophores deposited by closely related males while males preferentially destroyed spermatophores of other males.

This paper presents two cases from royal media scandals, journalism, rumours and street slandering. The investigation comprices the late 19th century to the early 21st. Our chosen scandals have Swedish kings and presumed and forbidden sexuality in centre of focus. The first scandal took place in the late 19th century, the second in the early 21st century.Via the concept of media system we track th

Background: It is important to quantify a static posture to evaluate the need for and effectiveness of interventions such as physical management, physiotherapy, spinal orthosis or surgical treatment on the alignment of body segments. Motion analysis systems can be used for this purpose, but they are expensive, require a high degree of technical experience and are not easily accessible. A simpler m

Brain iron accumulation is common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Iron chelators have been investigated for their ability to prevent neurodegenerative diseases with features of iron overload. Given the non-trivial side effects of classical iron chelators, lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional iron-binding globular glycoprotein, was screened to identify novel neuroprotective pathways again