Amperometric biosensors based on corresponding dehydrogenases have been developed for the determination of ethanol, glucose and glycerol. The enzymes have been integrated in redox hydrogels using an Os complex-modified non-conducting polymer employed as the electrochemical mediator and poly(ethyleneglycol)-diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) as the cross-linking agent. The developed biosensors showed a sens

A method for analysis of urinary methylhexahydrophthalic acid (MHHP acid), a metabolite of the highly sensitising methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, is described. The method is based on a double liquid-solid extraction of the MHHP acid from urine, esterification with methanol and boron trifluoride catalysis, and analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the electron impact mode. The de

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar utvecklingen av den norsk-svenska freden mellan 1905-1940. Efterhand kom denna relation att närma sig Stabil Fred—ett förhållande karaktäriserat av avsaknaden av militärt våld, hot om militärt våld, och förväntningar på hot om militärt våld. Utvecklingen mot Stabil Fred smammanfaller delvis med den svenska demokratiseringen, och författaren uThis study concerns the development of Stable Peace between states in the modern anarchical international system. As a starting point for the inquiry the author argues that the prevalence of this type of interstate relationships—characterized by the mutual expectations that neither military violence nor threats thereof will be employed—may be seen as a fundamental challenge to the validity of prev

Mixtures of an amphiphilic graft copolymer in water/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/cyclohexane oil-continuous microemulsions are studied by the PGSE NMR technique and by viscometry. The graft copolymer has an oil-soluble poly(dodecyl methacrylate) backbone and water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) side chains. Water, surfactant, and polymer self-diffusion coefficients can be measured

Popular Abstract in Swedish Varje år nydiagnostiseras cirka 2 000 personer med blåscancer i Sverige. Blåscancer drabbar främst män och är för närvarande den femte vanligaste cancerformen bland män efter prostata-, hud,- lung- och koloncancer. Risken att insjukna i blåscancer ökar med ålder och merparten av nydiagnostiserade patienter är över 60 år. Blåscancer är en heterogen sjukdom med avseende pThe general aim of this thesis was to molecularly characterize urothelial carcinoma (UC) at the transcriptional level using gene expression microarrays to improve the classification and pathogenetic understanding of this disease. In the first two studies (Articles I and II), gene expression profiling was used to study dysregulated transcriptional networks in a large cohort of UCs. We also investig

Aim: To analyse incidences and find risk groups in children hospitalized with hand injuries in a national retrospective study. Methods: All children with a primary hand or forearm injury admitted to Swedish hospitals during 1987 - 2001 were retrieved from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and analysed as to incidence and characteristics. Results: Among 9855 children included, the median age

Three types of estimator of the second spectral moment of a stationary Gaussian process are considered. The integral estimator is based on the integral of the squared derivative of the process, while crossing estimators make use of the number of upcrossings of zero or nonzero levels. It is shown that the zero-crossing estimator can often compete with the integral estimator in efficiency and that i

Trigeminovascular activation is involved in the pathophysiology of migraine and cluster headache. The marker evaluated best for trigeminovascular activation is calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the cranial circulation. It is unknown whether trigeminovascular activation plays any role in cervicogenic headache (CEH). The objective of this study was to investigate CGRP plasma levels in CEH pa

Bacterial diversity of the mucosal biopsies from human jejunum, distal ileum, ascending colon and rectum were compared by analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA clone libraries. A total of 347 clones from the mucosal biopsies were partially sequenced and assigned to six phylogenctic phyla of the domain Bacteria: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacter

Aims and objectives. The aim was to study the association between gender, extent and content of care, satisfaction, coping and difficulties in the caregiving situation among older (75+) caregivers and to identify clusters of caregivers. The aim was also to explore psychometrically two instruments assessing satisfaction and difficulties in family caregivers. Background. Caregiving is a complicated

Biomass combustion in grate fired furnaces is an important approach to convert renewable biomass fuel to heat and electricity. It is not only used in the Swedish energy industry but also by a great number of Swedish households for domestic heating. Burning biomass has the advantage of being CO2 neutral. However, it suffers from several difficulties, for example, the poor combustion efficiency ? th

We comment on the recent calculations of the pion pole part of the light-by-light contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment and we point out where the analysis in our previous work was mistaken.

Using the Implicit Association Test, we investigate whether employers and students possess implicit and explicit negative attitudes and implicit perform-ance stereotypes toward Arab-Muslim men relative to native Swedish men. We also examine if employers and students have implicit and explicit performance stereotypes toward obese individuals relative to people of normal weight. The results demonstr

In this paper a wave splitting technique is applied to a homogeneous Timoshenko beam. The purpose is to obtain a diagonal equation in terms of the split fields. These fields are calculated in the time domain from an appropriate set of boundary conditions. The fields along the beam are represented as a time convolution of Green functions with the excitation. The Green functions do not depend on the

Social phobia is one of the most frequent mental disorders and is accessible to two forms of scientifically validated treatments: anti-depressant drugs and cognitive behavior therapies (CBT). In this last case, graded exposure to feared social situations is one of the fundamental therapeutic ingredients. Virtual reality technologies are an interesting alternative to the standard exposure in social