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Två principer inom den allmänna avtalsrätten är vigilansprincipen och lojalitetsprincipen. Medan lojalitetsprincipen är allmänt känd och omskriven kan inte detsamma sägas om vigilansprincipen, som förespråkar respektive avtalsparts vaksamhet och iakttagande av sina egna intressen. Dess innebörd, förekomst som underliggande förklaring till rättsregler i den svenska rätten samt förhållande till övriTwo general principles of contract law are the principle of vigilance and the principle of loyalty. While the principle of loyalty is generally known, the same cannot be said of the principle of vigilance, which advocates the vigilance of each contracting party and the observance of its own interests. Its meaning, existence as an underlying explanation of Swedish law and relation to other principl

Genom reformen en modernare rättegång gjordes möjligheten för parter att närvara vid domstolssammanträden via ljud- och/eller bildöverföring permanent. Användningen av sådana lösningar har ökat under de senaste åren och accelererades av covid-19-pandemin. I experimentell miljö har det återkommande observerats att vittnens och målsägandes utsagor uppfattas som mindre tillförlitliga om de presenterThrough the reform en modernare rättegång [a more modern trial] the possibility for parties to attend court hearings via video and/or audio was made permanent. The use of such solutions has increased over the last years and was accelerated by the covid-19 pandemic. In experimental settings it has repeatedly been observed that witnesses’ and complainants’ testimonies are perceived as less credibl

The intake of anthocyanin rich-foods, such as bilberries has been associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular-related diseases. Similarly, the cardiovascular benefits of oat consumption are well known and are mainly due to its cholesterol-lowering and hypoglycemic effects. A randomized double-blinding clinical trial has been designed to investigate the cardiovascular beneficial eff

On the 18th of April 2021 the peace and status quo surrounding European Football was shatter as 12 clubs named themselves to be “Super” and created a league on their own. Following public outrage and threats from various authorities they backed down, or so it seemed. About a month later a Court in Madrid sent in a request for preliminary ruling questioning the power and authority of UEFA and conse

En viktig uppgift som åläggs regeringen enligt regeringsformen är det så kallade beredningskravet av regeringsärenden i 7 kap. 2 § RF. Hur beredningskravet ska fullgöras regleras emellertid inte vidare i regeringsformen och regeringen getts ett stort handlingsutrymme för beredningskravets fullgörande. Bristande beredning har vid ett flertal tillfällen varit föremål för kritik från såväl KonstituAn important task imposed on the Swedish government according to Chapter 7, Article 2 Instrument of Government (IG) is the mandatory preparation of government matters. However, how this requirement is to be fulfilled is not further regulated by IG and the government can excercise a great deal of discretion. Inadequate preparation has on several occasions been the subject of criticism from consti

I takt med en fortgående samhällsutveckling avseende kriminalpolitik och modern teknik har användningen av hemliga tvångsmedel ökat markant. Utvecklingen har lett till att brottsbekämpande myndigheter idag kan använda hemliga tvångsmedel i såväl förundersökningsstadiet för att utreda ett begånget brott som i underrättelseskedet för att förhindra och förebygga framtida brottslig verksamhet. De tvånThe use of secret coercive measures has increased markedly due to the increased organized crime and technological development. The legal mandate for taking these measures can not only be used to monitor individuals without their consent when they are suspected for a crime in the prelimary investigation stage, but also preemptively before a crime is committed. In this case the purpose is to prevent

Vid ingående av avtal aktualiseras alltid AvtL, samt AVLK om det rör ett konsumentförhållande. När lagarna stiftades var de framför allt tänkta att gälla skriftliga avtal och inte digitala avtal skrivna i kod som utförs på en blockkedja. När sådant avtal ingås aktualiseras därför frågan om de är tillåtna enligt gällande lagstiftning. För att ingå ett avtal enligt AvtL måste bland annat en viljeförWhen entering an agreement the Contracts Act becomes applicable, and Consumer Contracts Act if it concerns a consumer and a trader. When the laws were enacted they were mainly made for written agreements, and not for Smart Contracts consisting of computer code that are programmed to execute transactions. When these types of contracts are made it brings to the fore if they are to be considered lega

Anonyma vittnen har under längre tid figurerat i den juridiska sfären som en åtgärd mot gängkriminalitet och tystnadskulturen som ett framväxande fenomen. Som bakgrund gäller en allmän vittnesplikt i Sverige, vilket innebär att gemene man förväntas ställa upp i vittnesmål som ett led i upprätthållandet av vårt rättssamhälle. Vidare innebär EKMRs artikel 6, rätten till rättvis rättegång en begränsnAnonymous witnesses have more recently been a topic for discussion in the legal sphere in Sweden as a measure against gang crime and an emerging phenomenon known as silence culture, referring to an unwillingness to cooperate with law enforcement based on fear of repercussions. Individuals are, regardless of other circumstances, expected to testify as a part of maintaining an overall sense of justi

Gängkriminalitet har ökat det senaste årtiondet i både Danmark och Sverige. Trots de i princip identiska problemen har Danmark, men inte Sverige infört extraordinärt hårda regler mot personer vilka är verksamma inom ett kriminellt nätverk. Syftet för denna framställning är (1) dels att beskriva lagstiftningen/förslag beträffande gängkriminalitet i respektive land, (2) dels undersöka vilka skäl resSummary Gang-related crime has increased the last decade in both Denmark and Sweden. Despite similar problems with organized crimes, the two countries have applied different approaches. Denmark has to a higher extent introduced extraordinarily strict rules against people who are active in an organized criminal gang. The purpose of this study is (1) to describe the legislation/proposals regarding g

En av grundpelarna för att bibehålla de enskildas förtroende för det offentliga är ett fungerande system för ansvarsutkrävande i det fall de offentligt anställda i tjänsten handlat på ett felaktigt sätt. Detta ansvarsutkrävande kan anses vila på tre ben: ett straffrättsligt, ett arbetsrättsligt och ett skadeståndsrättsligt. I detta arbete kommer de två första benen att utforskas på djupet. Genom One of the cornerstones for maintaining confidence in the public sector is a functioning system of accountability in the event that a public employee acts incorrectly within the obligations of his employment. This system of accountability can be said to rest upon three legs: one on criminal law, one on employment law and one on tort law. In this work, the first two legs will be explored in depth.

The objective of this thesis is to investigate the students’ experience of using the target language in the classroom and that, by doing so, the obstacles and possible solutions to develop oral skills will be identified. The thesis is largely based on the theories of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA) and Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE). The hypothesis of this thesis is that both the anxi

Bakgrund. Covid-19 pandemin har skördat fler än fem miljoner liv världen över. Det finns svårigheter att identifiera vilka patienter som har covid-19 prehospitalt då symtomen är många och sjukdomsförloppet skiljer sig från patient till patient. Sjuksköterskor som arbetar med patienter med misstänkt eller konstaterad covid-19 har visat sig känna en hög arbetsrelaterad stress, utmattning och depress

USA har sedan de gick ur JCPOA ytterligare vidtagit sanktionsåtgärder mot exempelvis Iran men med följder att även EU-aktörer kan bli sanktionerade utan att ha anknytning till USA, så kallade sekundära sanktioner. Detta är en form av extraterritoriell lagstiftning som den blockerande stadgan ska skydda EU-aktörer från genom exempelvis förbud för EU-aktörer att efterleva denna extraterritoriella laSince leaving the JCPOA, the United States has taken further sanction measures against, for example, Iran, but with the consequence that EU actors also can be sanctioned without having a connection to the United States, e.g., secondary sanctions. This is a form of extraterritorial legislation that the EU blocking regulation is intended to protect EU operators from. Although the blocking regulation

The newly launched Vogue Scandinavia has presented their values which we have defined as “female empowerment” and “sustainability”. This essay explores, through a qualitative content analysis and discourse analysis, how these values are expressed in the first issue and in what ways they correspond with the magazine’s content. The results show that Vogue Scandinavia does in some way promote female

This thesis explores the ideal of objectivity in Swedish Public Service journalism. It does this through a Weberian perspective in which his theory of rationalization and ideal type for rational-legal authority serve as lenses through which the material is analyzed. The material examined in this thesis consists of rulings from the Swedish Press and Broadcasting Authority where the standards of fac

Environmental issues are continuously getting more attention in the media. A great part of the media content about environmental issues is produced by environmental journalists working both in public service and commercial media organizations. In order to identify the potential and pitfalls of environmental journalism, this study focuses on exploring the journalistic values of environmental journa

This study aims to analyze the gender representation of experts in the local newspaper Sydsvenskan during the covid pandemic. Furthermore, this study seeks to gain insights about the results of the processes that determine who is interviewed as an expert during a crisis situation such as the covid pandemic. A total of 369 articles were examined during the period from 1 May 2021 to 31 October 2021

This thesis analyses the Swedish film director Ingmar Bergman’s impact on Argentine film and identity formation from the first South American premiere of Sommarlek (1951) in 1952 to the fall of the argentine dictatorship in 1983. Based on the Science's Blood Flow Theory developed by sociologist Bruno Latour the essay reconstructs the technological conditions for Bergman's breakthrough. In

This paper examines how five news media magazines in Sweden, Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Upsala Nya Tidning and Svenska Dagbladet, tell the story of how and when the Swedish police decided to ban flags at Uppsala football club IK Sirius home stadium Studenternas IP in September 2021. Qualitative method was used to examine and analyze 25 articles from a perspective of narrative theory a