Artikeln belyser förhållandet mellan Europa, kristendomen och sekulariseringen.

PURPOSE: As a prelude to developing updated, evidence-based, international consensus recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA), the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) Treatment Guidelines Committee undertook a critical appraisal of published guidelines and a systematic review (SR) of more recent evidence for relevant therapies. METHODS: Sixteen exper

To clarify the role of metabolic factors in endometrial carcinogenesis, we conducted a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), and examined the relation between prediagnostic plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and glucose, the metabolic syndrome (MetS; a cluster of metabolic factors) and endometrial cancer risk. Among pre- and postmenopau

Force feedback control is necessary for accurate force control in robotic manipulators and, thus far, wrist force/torque (F/T) sensors have been used. An important problem arises when only these types of sensors are used. In a dynamic situation where the manipulator moves in either free or constrained space, the interaction forces and moments at the contact point and also the non-contact ones are

The quality of cervical histopathology is critical to cervical cancer prevention, cancer treatment, and research programs. On the basis of the histology results further patient management is determined. However, the diagnostic interpretation of histologic hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)-stained slides is affected by substantial rates of discordance among pathologists. Overexpression of the cyclin-depe

Objective: To describe the phenotype of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome in patients with mutations in the BBS4 gene. Methods: We examined 3 pairs of siblings with Bardet-Biedl syndrome in whom 3 different mutations in the BBS4 gene were detected, 2 of which were homozygous for the mutation. Results: All patients had an increased body mass index. The obesity varied between families from moderate to sever

1. Ten south Swedish streams were selected to represent two distinct types - natural woodland streams and channelized streams. Measurements were made on leaching, decomposition and microbial respiration of the dominant riparian vegetation (European Black Alder), structure of the benthic macroinvertebrate community, macroinvertebrates inhabiting leaf material, channel morphometry, macrophyte compos

A growing body of research suggests that a strong and vigilant board can have a significant influence on the value-creating potential of medium-size companies by favouring change and innovation in strategic decision-making. Yet how best to conceptualize this relationship remains controversial in scholarly circles. The mainstream approach has been to argue for a direct relationship between board de

Bremsstrahlung photon beams produced by linac accelerators are currently the most commonly used method of radiotherapy for tumour treatments. When the photon energy exceeds 10 MeV the patient receives an undesired dose due to photoneutron production in the accelerator head. In the last few decades, new sophisticated techniques such as multileaf collimators have been used for a better definition of

Participants were 40 persons from a group of 44 end-stage renal disease patients in southern Sweden who in 1985 received home hemodialysis under the auspices of a hospital renal unit, together with their spouses (n = 35). At a 10-year follow-up, 15 of the patients had died and 25 had survived. Univariate log rank tests of the influence of physical and demographic factors, the patient's dialysis-li

Two items are commensurable in value if and only if one of them is better than the other or if they are equally as good. They are incommensurable if none of these relations obtains. Given incommensurability, not even a purely ordinal measure is available for comparison: We cannot represent the relationship between the items by assigning a number to each that specifies the position of that item in

Two new species, Xanthoria karrooensis S. Kondratyuk & Karnefelt and Xanthoria alexanderbaai S. Kondratyuk & Karnefelt, both apparently endemic to South Africa, are described and illustrated. Other xanthorioid species known from southern Africa are listed in a Table and a preliminary key is provided for the African species. The new species are compared with a number of presumably related s

Parametric linkage analysis is usually used to find chromosomal regions linked to a disease (phenotype) that is described with a specific genetic model. This is done by investigating the relations between the disease and genetic markers, that is, well-characterized loci of known position with a clear Mendelian mode of inheritance. Assume we have found an interesting region on a chromosome that we

Communication between the lower thoracic paravertebral region and the celiac ganglion through the retrocrural space was investigated. After dye was injected into the endothoracic fascia in the lower thoracic paravertebral region at the T11 level, its spread to the celiac ganglion was examined in fifteen cadavers. The dye reached the celiac ganglion in nine cadavers (60%) by passing through the ret

Large phytochrome ((P) from Avena sativa) immobilized via anti-phytochrome immunoglobulin bound to Sepharose beads was irradiated to saturation with unpolarized far-red (fr) light. The apparent absorbance level was recorded in a dual wavelength spectrophotometer with both measuring beams set to either 600 or 730 nm and polarized perpendicular to each other. The sample was then irradiated with red

Software inspections, which were originally developed by Michael Fagan in 1976, are an important means to verify and achieve sufficient quality in many software projects today. Since Fagan's initial work, the importance of software inspections has been long recognized by software developers and many organizations. Various proposals have been made by researchers in the hope of improving Fagan's ins