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We have studied the thermal oxidation of the intermetallic alloy CoGa in situ, in real time on the atomic scale, during the growth of an ultrathin, epitaxial Ga oxide layer. On the basis of an extended set of surface x-ray diffraction data, density functional theory calculations and core level spectroscopy data, we find that the oxide film consists of an oxygen ion double layer, which contains the
Building on the idea of path-dependency, studies on agency autonomy typically assume that de facto autonomy is relatively stable over time within national politico-administrative contexts. This assumption is challenged in this paper, which maintains that de facto autonomy may just as well be understood as a state in constant flux. The paper highlights the limitations of historical institutionalism
Biocatalysis in organic media offers very attractive methods to prepare fine chemicals. The biocatalyst performance regarding activity, stability and enantioselectivity will determine the viability of the bio-process. Therefore, the understanding and optimization of the parameters influencing enzyme performance in organic solvents are extremely important. In this thesis, reactions catalysed by hyd
In autonomous systems of the Internet packets are routed on shortest paths to their destinations, for example according to the ECMP principle. The problem of finding a feasible traffic routing configuration realized on paths which can be generated by a system of weights assigned to IP links is NP-hard. This problem can be formulated as a mixed-integer program and attempted with a branch-and-cut al
Short note on the explanation of the depopulation of Greenland as an example of the so called agrarian crisis in the Middle Ages. This explanation was proposed by Thorkild Kjærgaard.
