Olfactory dysfunction is well documented as an early nonmotor manifestation of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This chapter outlines the anatomy and physiology of the olfactory system and summarizes the pathological changes in the olfactory system in PD. We review the occurrence of olfactory dysfunction in parkinsonian syndromes and familial parkinsonism. Different methods to assess olfactory function a

This paper describes a VLSI implementation of V-BLAST detection for future multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications. This design is implemented using a 0.35-μm 5-layer metal 3.3 V CMOS technology. For a 4-transmit and 4-receive antennas system using QPSK modulation scheme, a detecting throughput of 128 Mb/s can be achieved. Furthermore, it is shown that the implementation comp

Surface display in insect cells: Systems available for surface display that utilize bacterial phages are insufficient for displaying a number of eukaryotic proteins. By instead presenting proteins on the surface of eukaryotic cells or virus, some of these problems might be overcome. The baculovirus/insect cell system, which has a high expression rate and post-translational mashinery closely resemb

Commonly used definitions of plagiarism are misleading in that they seem to indicate that 1) plagiarism is associated with either intent or ignorance and that 2) the requirements for claiming ownership can be uniquely defined. However, the differences between coexisting socio-cultural contexts are large enough that a clear case of plagiarism in one context might even be considered as good practice

There are instruments that measure sexual function or sexual health for persons with RA, but since sexual health is a sensitive issue, the hypothesis is that it would be easier to have a standard questionnaire that could indicate the need for communication about sexual health issues instead of an extra questionnaire with more detailed questions on sexual health. The aim of the study is to find out

Comprehensive and authoritative review chapters of the importance of altering consciousness throughout history and for a variety of disciplines including history, society, psychology, anthropology, religion, technology, philosophy, performance, theatre, literature, music, art

Distributed energy is not a new idea. However, advances in technology and rising awareness of major sustainability challenges are creating new opportunities. At one end of the spectrum, distributed energy refers to small and medium scale technologies that generate electricity (and heat). The term is often used to describe energy generated by units that are close to the location of use (either inde

Popular Abstract in English Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is known as the father of microbiology, because he made the first microscopic observation of bacteria in human history, published in 1683. For the naked human eyes, bacterial cells are too small to observe, and the development of microscopy techniques has since then been fundamental for examining bacterial cells. Recent advances in visualizing toCoiled coil proteins emerge as important determinants of bacterial cellular organization. Several such proteins display properties characteristic to metazoan intermediate filament (IF) proteins, and are therefore designated bacterial IF-like proteins. The best studied examples of the latter are crescentin in Caulobacter crescentus that determines the curved cell shape, and FilP (filament forming-p

REDD is one of the latest additions to a series of incentive-based mechanisms for reducing carbon emissions. Although international negotiations have not eliminated uncertainties regarding its social, economic and political implications, many developing and emerging countries have begun to engage in REDD. Peru, the country with the world’s fourth largest tropical forest area has good reason to par