Popular Abstract in Swedish Den farligaste formen av hudcancer, melanom, uppkommer genom okontrollerad tillväxt av melanocyter som är celler specialiserade i pigmentproduktion. Dessa celler skyddar oss från den farliga UV-strålingen med hjälp av pigment som omvandlar ljusvågor till värme. I Sverige drabbas drygt 2000 personer per år av sjukdomen. Cirka 80-85 % av dessa botas genom kirurgi men hos Melanoma is an aggressive disease that arises from deregulated signaling events in melanocytes. The KIT receptor tyrosine kinase and the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) are two essential components that are required for the normal physiology of melanocyte development and function. Consequently, aberrant activities of these factors are involved in the development of melanoma.

Recent findings show that human fibroblasts can be directly programmed into functional neurons without passing via a proliferative stem cell intermediate. These findings open up the possibility of generating subtype-specific neurons of human origin for therapeutic use from fetal cell, from patients themselves, or from matched donors. In this study, we present an improved system for direct neural c

Abstract in UndeterminedBackground: For 2-dye microarray platforms, some missing values may arise from an un-measurably low RNA expression in one channel only. Information of such "one-channel depletion" is so far not included in algorithms for imputation of missing values.Results: Calculating the mean deviation between imputed values and duplicate controls in five datasets, we show that KNN-based

The New Zealand emissions trading scheme (ETS) wasintroduced by legislation in 2008. The legislated objectives asstated in section 3 of the Climate Change Response Act 2002are to ‘support and encourage global efforts to reduce theemission of greenhouse gases by (i) assisting New Zealandto meet its international obligations under the [UNFCCC].

A spectrophotometric assay for plasmin and plasminogen-derived activity in dairy products was optimised and extended to determine plasmin and plasminogen-derived activity in turbid samples of dairy products. The method was validated by assessing reproducibility, repeatability, level of detection and recovery of plasmin activity in different sample matrices. Plasmin activity in raw milk was not aff

The ratio of production cross sections of the W and Z bosons with exactly one associated jet is presented as a function of jet transverse momentum threshold. The measurement has been designed to maximise cancellation of experimental and theoretical uncertainties, and is reported both within a particle-level kinematic range corresponding to the detector acceptance and as a total cross-section ratio

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been implicated in anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like behaviour as well as seizure-suppressant effects in rodents. Although these effects appear to be predominantly mediated via other NPY receptors (Y1 and/or Y2), several studies have also indicated a role for Y5 receptors. Gene therapy using recombinant viral vectors to induce overexpression of NPY, Y1 or Y2 receptors in

The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and various cytokines are known to be increased during sepsis. These signaling molecules could potentially act as regulators and underlie the enhancement of mitochondrial function described in the later phase of sepsis. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between observed changes in platelet mitochondrial respiration and a set of pro- and anti-inflammatory cy

Background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although previous studies have shown that DS-ALL differs clinically and genetically from non-DS-ALL, much remains to be elucidated as regards genetic and prognostic factors in DS-ALL. Methods: To address clinical and genetic differences between DS-ALL and non-DS-ALL and to identify prognosti

Oxidation phenomena on Laves phase forming Ti-Nb stabilized ferritic stainless steel (EN 1.4509) were studied at 650 degrees C by electron microscopic and electron spectroscopic methods. These investigations reveal a strong competition between Nb and Si for interfacial oxidation at the oxide metal interface that is affected by different segregation rates of Nb and Si at elevated temperatures. In p

Aims. The aim of this paper is to explore and map the age and abundance structure of the stars in the nearby Galactic disk. Methods. We have conducted a high-resolution spectroscopic study of 714 F and G dwarf and subgiant stars in the Solar neighbourhood. The star sample has been kinematically selected to trace the Galactic thin and thick disks to their extremes, the metal-rich stellar halo, sub-

TRIM28 is critical for the silencing of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Here, we reveal that an essential impact of this process is the protection of cellular gene expression in early embryos from perturbation by cis-acting activators contained within these retroelements. In TRIM28-depleted ES cells, repressive chromatin marks at ERVs are replaced by histone modificati

A Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) whose power consumption can be reconfigured while maintaining an almost constant phase-noise figure-of-merit (FoM). This is achieved by using either a single-switch-pair or a complementary (i.e., double-switch-pair) oscillator topology, without disturbing the optimized LC tank of the DCO. The optimal power consumption in the complementary (P-N) configuration

Obesity is globally prevalent and highly heritable, but its underlying genetic factors remain largely elusive. To identify genetic loci for obesity susceptibility, we examined associations between body mass index and similar to 2.8 million SNPs in up to 123,865 individuals with targeted follow up of 42 SNPs in up to 125,931 additional individuals. We confirmed 14 known obesity susceptibility loci

Although much attention has focused on the diversity of plant mating systems, only a few studies have considered the joint effects of mating system and sexual conflict in plant evolution. In mixed-mating Collinsia heterophylla, a sexual conflict over timing of stigma receptivity is proposed: pollen with a capacity to induce early onset of stigma receptivity secures paternity for early-arriving pol

similar to SbVO4 is a well known catalyst used for the ammoxidation of propane to acrylonitrile. However, little importance is usually given to the structural flexibility exhibited by the similar to SbVO4 phase, which has rutile-type structure and can accommodate up to 1/8 of cation vacancies. In this work we highlight the great structural flexibility exhibited by this phase accommodating the chan

Measurements are presented of differential cross-sections for top quark pair production in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV relative to the total inclusive top quark pair production cross-section. A data sample of 2.05 fb(-1) recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used. Relative differential cross-sections are derived as a function of the invariant mass, the transverse momen

Recension av Karl Schlögel; Terror och dröm. Moskva år 1937.