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Dendroclimatological sampling of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) has been made in the province of Jamtland, in the west-central Scandinavian mountains, since the 1970s. The tree-ring width (TRW) chronology spans several thousand years and has been used to reconstruct June August temperatures back to 1632 BC. A maximum latewood density (MXD) dataset, covering the period AD 1107-1827 (with gap 1292

While sub-continuum heat conduction becomes more important as the size of micro/nanodevices keeps shrinking under the mean free path of heat carriers, its computation still remains challenging to the general engineering community due to the lack of easily accessible numerical simulation tools. To address this challenge, this article reports the finite element analysis (FEA) of transient ballistic-

The Ikaros project started in 2001 with the aim of developing an open infrastructure for system-level brain modeling. The system has developed into a general tool for cognitive modeling as well as robot control. Here we describe the main parts of the Ikaros system and how it has been used to implement various cognitive systems and to control a number of different robots ranging from robot arms and

The diagnosis of aplastic anemia in children requires exclusion of a variety of inherited or acquired BM failure syndromes with similar phenotypes. An efficient diagnostic plan is important because time from diagnosis to 'final' treatment is directly related to outcome regardless of the therapeutic option chosen. The gold standard of therapy remains hematopoietic SCT with a graft of BM cells for t

Stimulation with the vasopressin analogue desmopressin (DDAVP) of extrarenal arginine vasopressin (AVP) V2-receptors in endothelial cells and possible in platelets increases the circulating levels of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), von Willebrand factor (VWF) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated review of current information on the efficacy a

Aims/hypothesis We aimed to identify which surrogate index of insulin sensitivity has the strongest correlation with the reference measurement, the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp (HEC), to determine which surrogate measure should be recommended for use in large-scale studies. Methods A literature search (1979-2012) was conducted to retrieve all articles reporting bivariate correlations betwee

3s1/2-3p3/2 and 3p1/2-3d3/2 transitions have been studied in potassiumlike W55+ through neonlike W64+ ions at the electron-beam ion trap facility in Livermore. The wavelengths of the lines have been measured in high resolution relative to well known reference lines from oxygen and nitrogen ions. Using the high-energy SuperEBIT electron-beam ion trap and an R = 44.3 m grazing-incidence soft-x-ray s

We prospectively evaluated fat intake as predictor of developing breast cancer (BC) subtypes defined by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (HER2), in a large (n = 337327) heterogeneous cohort of women, with 10062 BC case patients after 11.5 years, estimating BC hazard ratios (HRs) by Cox proportional hazard modeling. High total and satu

Objective. To define pain and physical function cutpoints that would, coupled with structural severity, define a surrogate measure of "need for joint replacement surgery," for use as an outcome measure for potential structure-modifying interventions for osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. New scores were developed for pain and physical function in knee and hip OA. A cross-sectional international study i

This review article provides an overview of the evidence that links exercise and sports participation to physical and psychological well-being among people with spinal cord injury. Two aspects of physical well-being are examined, including the prevention of chronic disease and the promotion of physical fitness. Multiple aspect's of psychosocial well-being are discussed, including mental health, so

The interaction between mycobacteria and epithelium is unexplored, but may determine the outcome of the infection. We have analyzed the role of two G protein-coupled receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2 that are important regulators of many pulmonary diseases. We found that mycobacteria significantly increased the expression of both CXCR1 and CXCR2 on alveolar epithelial cells and both receptors were found

The separation of abiotic and biotic factors affecting populations and communities is an important step in understanding how climate change can influence ecological processes, but quantifying their relative contribution to community changes is a challenge. We assessed the effect of temperature and species interactions on the population dynamics of a forest bird community with a hierarchical dynami

Amino-functional benzoxazine monomers have been successfully prepared. Several routes have been applied to incorporate amino group into benzoxazine structure. These approaches include reduction of the corresponding nitro-functional benzoxazines and deprotection of protected amino-functional benzoxazine monomers. Various approaches that allow primary amine groups to be prepared without damaging the

Biologic and clinical observations suggest that combining imatinib with IFN-alpha may improve treatment outcome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We randomized newly diagnosed chronic-phase CML patients with a low or intermediate Sokal risk score and in imatinib-induced complete hematologic remission either to receive a combination of pegylated IFN-alpha 2b (Peg-IFN-alpha 2b) 50 mu g weekly and i

PI3-kinase has a crucial role in transformation mediated by the oncogenic c-Kit mutant D816V. In this study, we demonstrate that the c-Kit/D816V-mediated cell survival is dependent on an intact direct binding of PI3-kinase to c-Kit. However, mutation of this binding site had little effect on the PI3-kinase activity in the cells, suggesting that c-Kit/D816V-mediated cell survival is dependent on PI

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is prevalent and there is a clinical need for biomarkers to identify individuals at higher risk for AF. Fixed throughout a life course and assayable early in life, genetic biomarkers may meet this need. Here, we investigate whether multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms together as an AF genetic risk score (AF-GRS) can improve prediction of one's risk for AF.

Proton exchange between titratable amino acid residues and the surrounding solution gives rise to exciting electric processes in proteins. We present a proton titration scheme for studying acid-base equilibria in Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations where salt is treated at the Debye-Huckel level. The method, rooted in the Kirkwood model of impenetrable spheres, is applied on the three milk proteins