Malaria is a disease spread by mosquitoes, and it is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Most of the deaths in malaria are caused by the Apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Immunity against the disease is dependent on repeated exposure, and it usually takes several years to develop. Antibodies against different antigens are an important part of immunity, but cellular immunity

Flame stabilized by a bluff-body is a common scene in many engineering applications due to the enhanced mixing characteristics, improved flame stability, and ease of combustion control. We recently designed a burner which has a conical bluff body with a central air injector. In the current work, effects of the central air jet on the heat load of the bluff body, the flame structures and the flame b

Throughout history, Jewish notions of justice, hope and redemption have inspired political visions within as well as beyond the Jewish tradition. In the past century, examples can be drawn from Ernst Bloch to Walter Benjamin and Jacques Derrida. Also in the present politico-philosophical debate, a number of prominent voices draw explicitly on Jewish sources in their attempts to formulate radical v

This paper presents the mathematical conditions and the associated design methodology of an active fault diagnosis technique for continuous-time linear systems. Given a set of faults known a priori, the system is modeled by a finite family of linear time-invariant systems, accounting for one healthy and several faulty configurations. By assuming bounded disturbances and using a residual generator,

We consider flow-inducing networks, a class of models that are well-suited to describe important biochemical systems, including the MAPK pathway and the interactions at the trans-Golgi network. A flow-inducing network is given by the interconnection of subsystems (modules), each associated with a stochastic state matrix whose entries depend on the state variables of other modules. This results in

Slotted wing tips of birds are commonly considered an adaptation to improve soaring performance, despite their presence in species that neither soar nor glide. We used particle image velocimetry to measure the airflow around the slotted wing tip of a jackdaw (Corvus monedula) as well as in its wake during unrestrained flight in a wind tunnel. The separated primary feathers produce individual wakes

This study investigated the effects of cognitive conflict on abstract thinking. According to action-identification theory, an ambiguous and unfamiliar situation might propel an individual to a more abstract mindset. Based on this premise, cognitive conflict was hypothesized to put people in an abstract mindset. The induced compliance paradigm, in which participants are asked to write a counter-att

This Note introduces the Heads of Government dataset, which provides summary information about the ideological orientation of heads of government (left, center, or right, with separately provided information about religious orientation) in 33 states in Western Europe, the Americas, and the Asia–Pacific region between 1870 and 2012. The Note also describes some intriguing empirical patterns when it

This article builds on recent works on witnessing, socially engaged documentary filmmaking and studies on the role of new digital technologies for witnessing trauma, recording memories and enabling activism. In a devastating earthquake in Sichuan province on 12 May 2008, almost 90,000 people, at least 5000 of them being children, died. Parents and bystanders provided the first footage of the earth