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Optimization problems occur in many areas in science and engineering. When the optimization problem at hand is of large-scale, the computational cost of the optimization algorithm is a main concern. First-order optimization algorithms—in which updates are performed using only gradient or subgradient of the objective function—have low per-iteration computational cost, which make them suitable for t
This paper constructs a new chronology of the business cycle in the United Kingdom from 1700 on an annual basis and from 1920 on a quarterly basis to 2010. The new chronology points to several observations about the business cycle. First, the cycle has significantly increased in duration and amplitude over time. Second, contractions have become less frequent but are as persistent and costly as at
Remote sensing observations of variables related to vegetation at microwave and optical/infrared wavelengths are presented over three regions in Europe in the Iberian peninsula, northern Finland and central Europe. They include the instrumented sites of Las Majadas, Sodankyla and Reusel. The final goal is to better constrain land carbon cycle models using the complementarities of vegetation optica
Soil moisture (i.e., the changes in the gravimetric soil water content) redistribution is closely linked with root distribution and preferential flow in soils. This study aimed at exploring the soil water content distribution in the presence of root-enhanced preferential flow in deciduous (Quercus variabilis BI.) and coniferous forests (Platycladus orientalis (L.)).
A novel calculation methodology containing modeling and statistics was developed to assist the experimental process for the investigation of organics treatment process. A continuous-flow photo-electro treatment of Norfloxacin (NOR) was chosen as a target subject. The methodology is based on a new synergistic work of reaction energy calculation, full-scanned neural network (NN) simulation and new p
The multi-zone modelling concept could be a good alternative to two-zone modelling and CFD modelling for some situations when performing fire safety designs. However, few such models exist, and the evaluation of the concept is scarce. This paper is dedicated to study the multi-zone modelling concept and its usefulness in fire safety engineering by benchmarking it against experimental data and simu
Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the endogenous GFR-markers creatinine or cystatin C. A recommendation to use both markers in parallel in 2010 has resulted in new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of kidney disorders by identification of a new set of kidney disorders, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. These syndromes,
Optical microscopy has revolutionized the way we understand our world and has become a crucial tool in a range of disciplines such as biology, physics, chemistry, and material sciences. The development of new microscopy techniques has been capital to its success and wide applicability. A prominent example is the recent development of methods that allow imaging in three dimensions. This has been a
This chapter addresses opportunities and challenges in urban planning by implementing the concept of ecosystem services in an urban tourism and destination development context. In analysing ecosystem services in urban tourism, we contribute to an emerging literature focusing on urban ecosystem services. An important research gap is also addressed; despite the importance of tourism for cities, ther
There is a need for consensus on the recommendations for follow-up of children and adolescents with celiac disease. Objectives: To gather the current evidence and to offer recommendations for follow-up and management. Methods: The Special Interest Group on Celiac Diseases of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition formulated ten questions considered to be essen
Ground vibration generated by rail and road traffic is a major source of environmental noise and vibration pollution in the low-frequency range. A promising and cost-effective mitigation method could be the use of heavy masses placed as an array on the ground surface near the road or track, these could be concrete or stone blocks, or specially designed brick walls, for example. This work concerns
This paper further explores the novel concept of the opportunity space, which refers to the limits and possibilities of regional development trajectories and the idea of deliberative agency. Opportunity spaces are formed, perceived and used by individual agents or groups of agents and serve as a bridge between structure and agency. Drawing on six comparative case studies from Finland, Norway and S
Introduction: Composite scores may be useful to summarize overall language or visuospatial functioning in studies of older adults. Methods:We used item response theory to derive composite measures for language (ADNI-Lan) and visuospatial functioning (ADNI-VS) from the cognitive battery administered in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We evaluated the scores among groups of p
OBJECTIVES: To increase the proportion of individuals with hypertension obtaining a blood pressure (BP) of less than 140/90 mmHg by improving the management of hypertension in daily life from a person-centred perspective.METHODS: In this unblinded randomized controlled trial, we tested an interactive web-based self-management system for hypertension. A total of 949 patients with hypertension from
Di-isobutylene has received significant attention as a promising fuel blendstock, as it can be synthesized via biological routes and is a short-listed molecule from the Co-Optima initiative. Di-isobutylene is also popularly used as an alkene representative in multi-component surrogate models for engine studies of gasoline fuels. However, there is limited experimental data available in the literatu
Importance: National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) workgroups have proposed biological research criteria intended to identify individuals with preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). Objective: To assess the clinical value of these biological criteria to identify older individuals without cognitive impairment who are at near-term risk of developing symptomatic AD. Design, Setting
