The interaction between positively charged poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 4 and DNA has been investigated for two DNA lengths; 2000 basepairs (bp; L = 680 nm) and 4331 bp (L = 1472.5 nm) using a theoretical model by Schiessel for a semiflexible polyelectrolyte and hard spheres. The model was modified to take into account that the dendrimers are to be regarded as soft spheres, t

This year theMontreal Protocol celebrates its 20th Anniversary. In September 1987, 24 countries signed the ‘Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer’. Today 191 countries have signed and have met strict commitments on phasing out of ozone depleting substances with the result that a 95% reduction of these substances has been achieved. The Montreal Protocol has also contributed t

To investigate the Holocene vegetation history and shoreline displacement along the southeastern Swedish coast, two radiocarbon dated pollen, macrofossil and mineral magnetic sequences were studied in the western Blekinge coast: Hunnemara Lake and Smygen Bay. Both pollen records show mosaic vegetation with grasslands, heaths and woodlands prior to 11 300 cal. BP. Pinus-dominated mixed forest was i

Little is known about cross-language measurement equivalence of the job content questionnaire (JCQ) The purposes of this study were to assess the extent of cross-language differential item functioning (DIF) of the 27 JCQ items in six languages (French, Dutch, Belgian-French, Belgian-Dutch (Flemish), Italian, and Swedish) from six European research centers and to test whether its effects on the sca

Mixtures of rare earth elements (REEs) in fertilizers are widely used in Chinese agriculture to improve crop nutrition. REE concentrations in wild-growing plants, especially herbs, are little known. This study describes differences in the concentrations and proportions of REEs in eight forest-floor herbaceous plants and relates these differences to soil and mineral nutrient conditions. REEs studie

Platelets labelled with Indium-111 were used to examine the in vivo thrombogenicity of different vascular grafts. The deposition of platelets in two partly different kinds of umbilical vein grafts, double velour Dacron grafts and double velour Dacron grafts with internal collagen was studied as a function of time. The grafts were inserted end to side in the femoral artery of pigs and then imaged f

Partial alkalinity, as a measure of bicarbonate concentration, and total alkalinity, as a measure of the concentration of bicarbonate and volatile fatty acids, are useful parameters for monitoring anaerobic digestion processes. This paper reports a new method based on pH-indicators and spectrophotometric measurements for the monitoring of partial and total alkalinity. The method was used in an off

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a benign but locally aggressive tumor with metastatic potential. We performed cytogenetic analysis on 10 1 GCTB from 92 patients. Karyotypes were obtained from 95 tumors, 47 of which had clonal aberrations. The majority of the cytogenetically abnormal GCTB had multiple, up to 28 per tumor, clones. Clonal telomeric associations (tas) and other structural and numer

Because cost-effectiveness of different cervical cytology screening strategies with and without human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing is unclear, we used a Markov model to estimate life expectancy and health care cost per woman during the remaining lifetime for 4 screening strategies: (i) cervical cytology screening at age 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 50, 55 and 60, (ii) same strategy with addition of

This paper investigates the effects of international trade on firms' strategies for industry exit, either via closedown, switching industry or being acquired. We use a rich dataset of Swedish firms that extends over two decades to track firm choices between alternative strategies. We find that higher levels of international competition increase the probability of exit by merger and closedown. If t

The propulsion system of animals that fly or swim are quite different from each other in their morphology and function, yet the propulsive efficiency could be maximized by a surprising similarity in the fine tuning of flapping frequency, amplitude and forward speed, according to a new study by Taylor et A This conclusion was based on an analysis of the Strouhal number, which is a dynamic similarit

The electronic structure of as-grown and high temperature (1625 C) annealed chemical vapour deposition boron-doped (1-4 ppm) diamond films has been studied using a scanning photoelectron microscope with lateral resolution in the 1 mum range. The fresh surfaces have been obtained by cleaving free-standing films in situ at a pressure of 7 X 10(-11) Torr. The major part of the contrast in photoelectr

Quaternary glacial stratigraphy and relative sea-level changes reveal at least two glacial expansions over the Chelyuskin Peninsula, bordering the Kara Sea at about 77°N in the Russian Arctic, as indicated from tills interbedded with marine sediments, exposed in stratigraphic superposition, and from raised beach sequences mapped to altitudes of at least up to ca. 80 m a.s.l. Chronological control

Objective: The cytological features of conventional monophasic spindle cell and biphasic synovial sarcoma have been defined in detail in several large series. The cytology of rare morphological variants, especially the subtypes of poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma, are insufficiently evaluated and diagnostically difficult to define. The objective of the present study was to call attention to

The possibility of improving an existing method, based on supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), for the determination of banned azo dyes in leather has been studied. Thus, optimization of experimental conditions in different steps (degreasing, reduction, and extraction) of the analytical procedure was performed. The influence of different variables (reaction

Radiologic evaluation of patients with dysphagia relies on a meticulous and standardized technique. For assessment of function video recording is mandatory. A systematic approach for the description of function and dysfunction is necessary. The following describes such an approach focused on an easy and reproducible technique and a comprehensive description of radiologic events and morphology.