In spite of the similar structural and genomic organization of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2), striking differences exist between them in terms of replication dynamics and clinical manifestation of infection. Although the pathomechanism of HIV-1 infection is well characterized, relatively few data are available regarding HIV-2 viral replication and its interaction wi

Keynote at the 6th Foundational Economy Conference

Over the last 10,000 y, humans have manipulated fallow deer populations with varying outcomes. Persian fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) are now endangered. European fallow deer (Dama dama) are globally widespread and are simultaneously considered wild, domestic, endangered, invasive and are even the national animal of Barbuda and Antigua. Despite their close association with people, there is no con

The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory that will operate the world’s most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3M Euro Research and Innovation Action within the EU Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) is now underway to develop a second neutron source below the spallation target. Compa

Studies on patients with bladder outflow obstruction who have undergone surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia, successfully relieving the obstruction, have revealed a persistence of storage symptoms associated with detrusor overactivity (DO) in 20% to 40% of patients. To study the underlying mechanisms, we have used a common rat model of obstruction/de-obstruction, assuming that non-voiding con

We have developed a sampling method for beamline simulations for the proposed NNBAR experiment at the European Spallation Source. The method is based on probability density evaluation and duct source biasing and enables the simulations of the entire NNBAR beamline with high statistics while also preserving correlations of the neutron tracks. Future efforts will focus on employing these methods for

In chapter 33, Hallonsten argues that the change in the historical context of Big Science, from the Cold War to contemporary innovation driven economies, has transformed its character and raised anew the issue of its legitimization. According to Hallonsten, the promotion of Big Science projects, as a result of their uncertain epistemic and technological payoff, often entails 'overselling' marketin

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for postoperative complications but its impact on outcome after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is scarcely studied. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the effect of continuous insulin infusion on postoperative complications and blood glucose, as well as to evaluate the impact of hyperglycemia on complications, after PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One h

Objective: Accurate imaging biomarkers that indicate disease progression at an early stage are highly important to enable timely mitigation of symptoms in progressive lung disease. In this context, reproducible experimental models and readouts are key. Here, we aim to show reproducibility of a lung injury rat model, by inducing disease and assessing disease progression by multi-modal non-invasive

Superbasic ionic liquids (SBILs) are being investigated as potential carbon dioxide (CO2) gas capture agents, however, the presence of H2O in the flue stream can inhibit the uptake of CO2. In this study a thin film of the SBIL trihexyltetradecylphosphonium 1,2,4-triazolide ([P66614][124Triz]) was deposited onto rutile TiO2 (110) using in situ electrospray deposition and studied upon exposure to CO

Purpose: Multiple vendors are currently offering artificial intelligence (AI) computer-aided systems for triage detection, diagnosis, and risk prediction of breast cancer based on screening mammography. There is an imminent need to establish validation platforms that enable fair and transparent testing of these systems against external data. Approach: We developed validation of artificial intellig

This chapter outlines the development of the Swedish Higher Education System that led to the evolution of the profession of research management and administration (RMA) in Sweden. Evolution from an informal network towards more formalised and structured work within the Swedish RMA community is highlighted. Discussion on the level of salaries development depending on the education level, gender, ex

Microtubules are dynamic intracellular fibers that have been observed experimentally to undergo spontaneous self-alignment. We formulate a three-dimensional (3D) mean-field theory model to analyze the nematic phase transition of microtubules growing and interacting within a 3D space, then make a comparison with computational simulations. We identify a control parameter Geff and predict a unique cr

We study input and state constrained inverse optimal control problems starting from a stabilizing controller with a control Lyapunov function, where the goal is to make the controller an explicit solution of the resulting constrained optimal control problem. For an appropriate cost design and initial states for which a sublevel set of the Lyapunov function is contained in the state constraint set

The genus Parvoplaca is extended with four new species: P. candanii from Antarctica, P. lamprocarpa from Alaska, and P. macroborealis and P. tenebrosa from Oregon. Collections identified as P. tiroliensis are shown to form two independent clades when DNA was analyzed, but it is currently not clear which clade represents the species in a strict sense. Parvoplaca athallina has been considered an Ant

Within the lichen family Teloschistaceae, a high number of genera are restricted to the extreme southern part of the Southern Hemisphere. The taxonomy and phylogeny of the southern genus Gondwania have been analyzed based upon fieldwork in Antarctica, Patagonia, New Zealand and Tasmania and subsequent studies including molecular methods. Five species are accepted in the genus Gondwanea including G