A growing body of work indicates that neural induction may be initiated prior to the establishment of the gastrula mesodermal organizer. Here, we examine neural induction in Xenopus embryos in which mesoderm induction has been blocked by Cerberus-short, a reagent that specifically inhibits Nodal-related (Xnr) signals. We find that extensive neural structures with cyclopic eyes and brain tissue are

To determine the spectrum of secreted proteins that are present in the extracellular space of early Xenopus embryos, a direct secretion screen was performed. Surprisingly, 24% of previously identified bona fide secretory proteins corresponded to four secreted Wnt antagonists of the same family: frzb-1, sizzled, sfrp-2 and crescent. sfrp-2 and crescent are novel components of the growing cocktail o

Varje år ökar världens energiförbrukning på grund av befolkningstillväxt och ökande levnadsstandard. Vi står inför många stora problem, till exempel klimatförändringar, uttömning av fossila energikällor (t. ex. petroleum, kol och naturgas) och miljöföroreningar. Därför är det brådskande att söka efter förnyelsebar energi och hur människor kan använda energi så effektivt och ändamålsenligt som möjlThe demand and consumption of energy is increasing dramatically all around the world. Broad adoption of fossil fuels has triggered an enormous threat to the environment. To ensure sustainability of our species and habitat, new solutions to fulfill the energy demand have to be found. Innovative materials offer the possibility to generate scalable renewable energy, which is efficient and environment

Higher vertebrates appear to possess six genes encoding a homeodomain of the distal-less type. We report the cloning and expression pattern of the chicken DLX3 gene, a homeobox gene highly related to the DLX5 gene with regard to both the encoded protein structure and the expression pattern. DLX3 RNA was observed during the development of the olfactory and otic placodes, in the distal portion of th

Ectodermal patterning of the chick embryo begins in the uterus and continues during gastrulation, when cells with a neural fate become restricted to the neural plate around the primitive streak, and cells fated to become the epidermis to the periphery. The prospective epidermis at early stages is characterized by the expression of the homeobox gene DLX5, which remains an epidermal marker during ga

Due to their superior photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) and tunable optical band gap, all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have attracted intensive attention for the application in solar cells, light emitting diodes (LED), photo detectors and laser devices. In this scenario, the stability of such materials becomes a critical factor. We hereby investigated the long-term stabi

We analysed the role of the prechordal plate in forebrain development of chick embryos in vivo. After transplantation to uncommitted ectoderm a prechordal plate induces an ectopic, dorsoventrally patterned, forebrain-like vesicle. Grafting laterally under the anterior neural plate causes ventralization of the lateral side of the forebrain, as indicated by a second expression domain of the homeobox

Digitalization is fundamentally changing the retailing ecosystem for shopping malls as digital and analogue elements get increasingly intertwined. We conceptualize shopping malls as two-sided markets whose primary function is connecting shoppers and retailers. By means of an interpretative case study, the article then presents an omnichannel strategy typology for how shopping malls can meet the ev