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The massive amount of genomic sequence data that is now available for analyzing evolutionary relationships among 31 placental mammals reduces the stochastic error in phylogenetic analyses to virtually zero. One would expect that this would make it possible to finally resolve controversial branches in the placental mammalian tree. We analyzed a 2,863,797 nucleotide-long alignment (3,364 genes) from
Resolving the spatial and temporal dynamics of gross primary productivity (GPP) of terrestrial ecosystems across different scales remains a challenge. Remote sensing is regarded as the solution to upscale point observations conducted at the ecosystem level, using the eddy covariance (EC) technique, to the landscape and global levels. In addition to traditional vegetation indices, the photochemical
PHENIX measurements are presented for the cross section and double-helicity asymmetry (A(LL)) in inclusive pi(0) production at midrapidity from p + p collisions at root s = 510 GeV from data taken in 2012 and 2013 at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The next-to-leading-order perturbative-quantum-chromodynamics theory calculation is in excellent agreement with the presented cross section result
Current European Association of Urology guidelines state that a PSA≥100 ng/ml at diagnosis indicates metastatic disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between PSA values ≥100 ng/ml at diagnosis, distant metastasis and prostate cancer-specific survival.
To improve the fatigue resistance of stainless steel sheet, it is a common practice to induce compressive residual stress in the surface through shot-peening or tumbling. Stress depth profiles obtained by tumbling of thin stainless steel tensile rods were analysed using laboratory and synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Both the non-destructive synchrotron and the laboratory XRD etch-depth profil
Upper lower Cambrian (provisional Cambrian Series 2) trilobites are described from three sections through the Shuangyingshan Formation in the Beishan area, northwestern Gansu Province, China. The trilobite fauna is dominated by eodiscoid and 'corynexochid' trilobites, together representing at least ten genera: Serrodiscus, Tannudiscus, Calodiscus, Pagetides, Kootenia, Edelsteinaspis, Ptarmiganoide
Large eddy simulation is performed to investigate air entrainment and mixing in diesel sprays with and without combustion. The Spray A case of the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) is considered in the study, in which liquid n-Dodecane is injected at 1500 bar through a nozzle of 90 mu m into a constant volume vessel with an ambient density of 22.8 kg/m(3) and an ambient temperature of 900 K. Primary
BACKGROUND: Female childhood cancer survivors are at risk of ovarian failure and premature ovarian insufficiency. We hereby present an interim analysis of a prospective observational study of ovarian function during cancer treatment of young females in relation to clinical factors. PROCEDURE: Thirty-four consecutive female cancer patients aged 0-18 year were included after informed consent. Ser
The accuracy of auxiliary basis sets derived from Cholesky decomposition of two-electron integrals is assessed for excitation energies calculated at the state-average complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and multiconfigurational second order perturbation theory (CASPT2) levels of theory using segmented as well as generally contracted atomic orbital basis sets. Based on 196 valence
Background Although human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ and DR loci appear to confer the strongest genetic risk for type 1 diabetes, more detailed information is required for other loci within the HLA region to understand causality and stratify additional risk factors. The Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) study design included high-resolution genotyping of HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DQ, and DP loc
A quantitative analysis of the retained austenite (RA) fractions in gas tungsten arc welded silicon and aluminium containing transformation induced plasticity steels was carried out by synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. The variation in RA transverse to the weld line was measured to study the effect of weld thermal cycles on the stabilisation of austenite in the heat affected zone (HAZ) a
The majority of nitrogen in forest soils is found in organic matter-protein complexes. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are thought to have a key role in decomposing and mobilizing nitrogen from such complexes. However, little is known about the mechanisms governing these processes, how they are regulated by the carbon in the host plant and the availability of more easily available forms of nitrogen so
Porous liquid crystalline lipid-based nanoparticles are shown here to enable protein analysis in microchip electroseparation by reducing sample adsorption. Additionally, higher stability and reproducibility of the separations were observed. The method was tested by separating green fluorescent protein (GFP) in hot embossed cyclic olefin polymer microchips with integrated fiber grooves for LIF dete
We have recently shown that negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) induces a decrease in microvascular blood flow in the small intestinal loop close to the dressing. The effect of NPWT is thus thought to be local. In this study, we investigate whether the application of NPWT in laparostomy affects the haemodynamics. Midline incisions were made in six pigs followed by NPWT at -120 mmHg for 20 minut
We investigated how two groups of Turkish–Dutch bilinguals and two groups of monolingual speakers of the two languages described static topological relations. The bilingual groups differed with respect to their first (L1) and second (L2) language proficiencies and a number of sociolinguistic factors. Using an elicitation tool that covers a wide range of topological relations, we first assessed the
Three recent studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the highly conserved central complex of the insect brain, showing how it provides an internal representation of body orientation, encodes behaviorally relevant sensory cues, and at the same time controls motor actions.
We propose a structure and motion estimation scheme based on a dynamic systems approach, where states and parameters in a perspective system are estimated. An online method for structure and motion estimation in densely sampled image sequences is presented. The proposed method is based on an extended Kalman filter and a novel parametrization. We derive a dynamic system describing the motion of the
Background Persistent inflammation has been proposed to contribute to various stages in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) signalling propagates downstream inflammation cascades. To assess whether this pathway is causally relevant to coronary heart disease, we studied a functional genetic variant known to affect IL6R signalling. Methods In a collaborative met
Coastal eutrophication by nutrient fluxes from agricultural land to marine recipients is presently com- bated by measures such as the implementation of watershed-scale wetland creation programs aimed at nitrogen removal. Such created agricultural wetlands – termed ‘nitrogen farming wetlands’ (NFWs) – receive nitrogen (N) loads predominantly as nitrate, facilitating N removal by denitrification. Ho
