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Studies of the surface chemistry of the first few cycles of atomic layer deposition (ALD) using in situ and time-resolved operando techniques are attractive for realizing, understanding, and obtaining true mechanistic information during the deposition. However, the latter techniques are yet to be applied to ALD of metal nitrides. Here, we present a surface-chemistry investigation through a time-re

Summary: In this meta-analysis of international cohorts, current smoking is confirmed as a significant BMD-independent predictor of future fracture with a stronger relationship in men than in women. A causative and reversible effect of smoking on fracture risk is suggested by past smoking having a significantly lower risk than current smoking. Purpose: In this meta-analysis of international cohort

This thesis consists of three self-contained papers that study the role of culture in economics by examining how culture shapes responses to policies, how public interventions influence cultural identity, and how cultural persistence affects economic behavior and policy outcomes. The first chapter examines the political consequences of symbolic changes to public space in Spain, focusing on the ren

Heat pumps are a key technology for decarbonizing residential heating, yet their diffusion remains limited in many countries, partly due to challenges of public acceptance and legitimacy. This study tracks how heat pumps are portrayed in German public discourse by analyzing sentiment in online news coverage. We compile a corpus of 33,131 German heat pump–related news articles published between 201

The article consists of six core sections. Firstly, it argues for examining the language, origin, use and meaning of key concepts when seeking to understand historical perspectives. Secondly, is a concrete investigation of three concepts related to the French Revolution: ‘historical monument’, ‘vandalism’, and ‘heritage’. Thirdly, it describes how ‘historical monument’ was replaced by ‘heritage’ aThe article consists of six core sections. Firstly, it argues for examining the language, origin, use and meaning of key concepts when seeking to understand historical perspectives. Secondly, is a concrete investigation of three concepts related to the French Revolution: ‘historical monument’, ‘vandalism’, and ‘heritage’. Thirdly, it describes how ‘historical monument’ was replaced by ‘heritage’ a

The aim of this thesis was to investigate how the dimensions, placement and orientation of a combustible material can affect both fire characteristics such as flame height and heat release rate, and material characteristics such as surface lining classification. The extent of the effects was examined using a simplified version of a Single Burning Item (SBI) test. Several experiments were conducted

Background: Repetitive and monotonous work is often associated with neck pain, potentially resulting in sick leave and reduced productivity. Establishing appropriate muscle activity patterns, including duration and frequency of breaks that can prevent neck pain development, is important for providing workplace guidance. While several smaller studies addressing monotonous neck-loading work have ind

BACKGROUND: Rapeseed is the second most cultivated oilseed globally after soybean and a protein-rich press cake is generated after liberation of the oil. However, its use in food applications is limited by high levels of anti-nutrients such as glucosinolates and phytic acid. Although differences between botanical varieties are known, controlled comparisons of modern spring varieties for protein fu

Several factors contribute to the use, non-use, or inadequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in construction work. This study aimed to analyse correct usage of various PPE, such as helmet, ear protectors, goggles, respiratory mask, gloves, protective clothing, and a safety harness. Correct usage was assessed as guessability, which refers to human perceptions of how to don, adjust, use,

In this book, Anil Seth advocates a predictive processing approach to the understanding of conscious experience, which he claims would amount to something like a Copernican revolution. In three separate parts of the book, Seth discusses conscious level, conscious content, and conscious self. Among the strengths of the book is an ambition to stay close to the rich phenomenology of conscious experieIn this book, Anil Seth advocates a predictive processing approach to the understanding of conscious experience, which he claims would amount to something like a Copernican revolution. In three separate parts of the book, Seth discusses conscious level, conscious content, and conscious self. Among the strengths of the book is an ambition to stay close to the rich phenomenology of conscious experie

This book is an introduction to the Free Energy Principle (FEP) and Active Inference. The FEP has been described as new paradigm with potential to unify the biological and cognitive sciences. According to the FEP, living organisms persist by minimizing their free energy (which can be variously translated as uncertainty, surprise, prediction error, or discrepancies between model and world). Active This book is an introduction to the Free Energy Principle (FEP) and Active Inference. The FEP has been described as new paradigm with potential to unify the biological and cognitive sciences. According to the FEP, living organisms persist by minimizing their free energy (which can be variously translated as uncertainty, surprise, prediction error, or discrepancies between model and world). Active

In The Four Realms of Existence: A New Theory of Being Human, Joseph LeDoux (2023) argues for a conceptualization of being human in terms of four hierarchically integrated realms of existence: biological, neurobiological, cognitive, and conscious. Although LeDoux’s perspective is thought-provoking, it also raises several questions. One question is how to differentiate the conscious realm from the In The Four Realms of Existence: A New Theory of Being Human, Joseph LeDoux (2023) argues for a conceptualization of being human in terms of four hierarchically integrated realms of existence: biological, neurobiological, cognitive, and conscious. Although LeDoux’s perspective is thought-provoking, it also raises several questions. One question is how to differentiate the conscious realm from the

Strejker och arbetsplatskonflikter som löper över flera år är ovanliga i Sverige. Lockouten av syndikalistiska skogsarbetare i Lossmen-Ekträskpågick mellan 1924 och 1931. Ingen arbetsplatskonflikt har, ossveterligen, pågått längre. Arbetarens Håkan Gustafsson och kulturgeografen Johan Pries har grävt ner sig i Arbetarens arkiv för att ta reda på: vad hände egentligen under de där dramatiska åren?

Following the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, multi-stakeholder partnerships (MSPs) have received renewed political attention. In several policy fields, MSPs have been criticized for a lack of accountability, resulting in efforts to redress this problem. However, it is still unclear how accountability challenges and shortcomings differ across partnerships operating within