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Objectives To identify the genetic determinants of fracture risk and assess the role of 15 clinical risk factors on osteoporotic fracture risk. Design Meta-analysis of genome wide association studies (GWAS) and a two-sample mendelian randomisation approach. Setting 25 cohorts from Europe, United States, east Asia, and Australia with genome wide genotyping and fracture data. Participants A discover

Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a highly heritable trait, but genome-wide association studies have identified few genetic risk factors. Epidemiological studies suggest associations between BMD and several traits and diseases, but the nature of the suggestive comorbidity is still unknown. We used a novel genetic pleiotropy-informed conditional False Discovery Rate (FDR) method to identify single nucl

High mechanical load in alternating directions with sufficient rest in between the loading periods is one of the best stimuli to enhance bone mass and skeletal structure, both contributing independently to bone strength. The age-frame where skeletal benefits from exercise are largest is in late pre- and early peri-puberty. Recent publications with low level of evidence infer that such skeletal be

Medial tibial stress syndrome, a common condition of uncertain origin found in athletes, is characterized by pain in the distal posteromedial aspect of the tibia during exercise, with or without increased scintigraphic uptake in the affected region. To determine whether medial tibial stress syndrome with increased scintigraphic uptake is associated with a change in tibial bone mineral density conf

Exercise is associated with increased peak bone mineral density (BMD). To determine the relationship between the duration of exercise and BMD, we measured BMD of the axial and appendicular skeleton by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and speed of sound (SOS), broadband attenuation (BUA), and stiffness index by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus, in 67 active male national soccer

This prospective study evaluated bone loss in the peri- and postmenopausal period in 156 women followed from age 48 to 64 years. All women were premenopausal at the start of the study. Areal bone mineral density (g/cm2) was measured by single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) of the forearm at the 1 cm level (BMD 1 cm) and the 6 cm level (BMD 6 cm) every second year. Onset of menopause (MP) was determin

There has never been, and will never be, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial demonstrating that exercise in youth, adulthood or old age reduces fragility or osteoporosis-related fractures in old age. The next level of evidence, a randomized, controlled but unblinded study with fractures as an end-point is feasible but has never been done. The basis for the belief that exercise reduc

No prospective randomized study with fracture as end point exists in men. Data from retrospective and prospective observational and case control studies suggest that activity in men is associated with reduced fracture risk. This may be correct, but consistently replicated sampling bias may produce the same observation, as these studies are hypothesis generating, never hypothesis testing. Higher mu

Men with spine fractures have reduced vertebral body (VB) volume and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). Men with hip fractures have reduced femoral neck (FN) volume and vBMD, site-specific deficits that may have their origins in growth. To describe the tempo of growth in regional bone size, bone mineral content (BMC), and vBMD, we measured bone length, periosteal and endocortical diameters, B

Skeletal development is heterogeneous. Throughout growth, bone size is more maturationally advanced than the mineral being accrued within its periosteal envelope; before puberty, appendicular growth is more rapid than axial growth; during puberty, appendicular growth slows and axial growth accelerates. We studied women with differing age of onset of anorexia nervosa to determine whether this tempo

Anorexia nervosa is associated with bone loss during adulthood, but may also delay skeletal growth and mineral accrual during growth. We asked the following questions. 1) Is anorexia nervosa associated with reduced bone size and reduced volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD)? 2) Is estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) or recovery from anorexia nervosa associated with normal bone size and vBMD? Using

Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in the upper half of the skull, in 324 residents (178 women and 146 men, age-range 20-87 years) in the city of Malmo, Sweden. Since muscular activity influences the skeleton we found it was of interest to compare one region influenced by physical load with one virtually unaffected by physical stress. The skull may be assum

AIMS: The very long-term outcome of patients who survive the first few years after receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has not been well described thus far. We aimed to provide long-term outcomes, especially with regard to the occurrence of sudden cardiac death (SCD), in CRT patients without (CRT-P) and with defibrillator (CRT-D).METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1775 patients, with is

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to retrospectively study whether comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) given to community-dwelling old patients with high health care usage has effects regarding: (1) the cause of death and (2) the quality of the provided palliative care when compared to patients without CGA-based care. Method: This study includes secondary data from a randomised control

This study analyses the influence of green roofs in different heights of the urban canopy layer: from the pedestrian level, up to 1m above the rooftop, in a social housing project in the South of Brazil. In order to quantify the cooling contribution of green roofs to the local microclimate, the housing project was simulated with ENVI-met 4.0 in the summer season. The variables used to assess the g