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We present a theory for the full distribution of current fluctuations in incoherent diffusive superconducting junctions, subjected to a voltage bias. This theory of full counting statistics of incoherent multiple Andreev reflections is valid for an arbitrary applied voltage. We present a detailed discussion of the properties of the first four cumulants as well as the low and high voltage regimes o
Certain monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to type II collagen (CII) induce arthritis in vivo after passive transfer and have adverse effects on chondrocyte cultures and inhibit self assembly of collagen fibrils in vitro. We have examined whether such mAbs have detrimental effects on pre-existing cartilage. Bovine cartilage explants were cultured over 21 days in the presence of two arthritogenic mAbs to
Along with rapidly developing nanotechnology, new types of analytical instruments and techniques are needed. Here we report an alternative procedure for electrical measurements on semiconductor nanowhiskers, allowing precise selection and visual control at close to atomic resolution. We use a combination of two powerful microscope techniques, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and simultaneous vi
A large proportion of deaths in the Western World are caused by ischaemic heart disease. Among these patients a majority die outside hospital due to sudden cardiac death. The prognosis among these patients is in general, poor. However, a significant proportion are admitted to a hospital ward alive. The proportion of patients who survive the hospital phase of an out of hospital cardiac arrest varie
A mathematical model for through drying of paper at constant pressure drop was developed. The model is based on physical properties; hence, basis weight, pressure drop, drying air temperature, pore size distribution, initial gas fraction, and tortuosity are important input parameters to the model. The model was solved for different combinations of the variables basis weight, drying air temperature
To investigate if polyomavirus infection during pregnancy is linked to development of neuroblastoma in the child, serum samples of 115 index mothers from the pregnancy where the child eventually developed neuroblastoma were identified and matched with serum samples from 8 control mothers per index mother. The samples were tested for. specific IgG and IgM antibodies to BK and JC virus using enzyme
We report the experimental observation of a strongly selective population of the spin-orbit components in the HCl+ (X) over tilde (2)Pi(Omega) states after excitation into the dissociative 2p(-1)6sigma* core excited state. A progression of highly excited vibrational states with either the Omega=3/2 or Omega=1/2 component of the final state is populated, respectively, when the excitation is tuned i
Patterns of allozyme variation have been investigated in 101 clones representing most of the morphological variation (and taxa) found in the amphi-apomictic genus Pilosella Hill. in the Nordic countries. Levels of variation were very high, both within narrowly defined taxa and within the whole data-set, but the correlation between a morphology-based taxonomy and patterns of allozyme variation was
Objective. To investigate work disability rates over 15 years in an early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohort and to evaluate predictive factors during the course of the study. Methods. All patients with early RA of working age (n = 148) were followed and treated at a team care unit. Mean disease duration at inclusion was 1 year. Work characteristics and disease-related variables were recorded annual
According to an influential tradition in value analysis, to be valuable is to be a fitting object of a pro-attitude. If it is fitting to favor an object for its own sake, then, on this view, the object has final value, that is, it is valuable for its own sake. If it is fitting to have a pro-attitude toward an object for the sake of its effects, then its value is instrumental. And so on. Disvalue i
Wheat straw is an abundant agricultural residue which can be used as a raw material for bioethanol production. Due to the high xylan content in wheat straw, fermentation of both xylose and glucose is crucial to meet desired overall yields of ethanol. In the present work a recombinant xylose fermenting strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TMB3400, cultivated aerobically on wheat straw hydrolysate, w
Background: The expression of interleukin-1-receptor antagonist is reduced in pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and high glucose concentrations induce the production of interleukin-1(beta) in human pancreatic beta cells, leading to impaired insulin secretion, decreased cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Methods: In this double-blind, parallel-group trial involving 70 pat
Anesthetized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated pigs were exposed to extreme hypercapnia (PaCO2 approximately 20 kPa) at FiO2 0.4 for 480 min, with (n = 6) or without (n = 6) continuous infusion of isotonic buffers (bicarbonate and trometamol). Arterial pH was higher in buffered animals than controls, 7.21 +/- 0.01 vs 7.01 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- s.e.mean, P < 0.01). Serum osmolality and PaCO2 did
The purpose of this work was to study if enriched housing conditions and fetal neocortical transplantation could enhance the functional outcome after focal brain ischemia in adult rats. The right middle cerebral artery (MCA) was ligated in 34 inbred, spontaneously hypertensive male rats, which were then randomly divided into three groups. Groups A and B were transferred to an enriched environment,
In this article we compare the acquisition of determiners in bilingual children acquiring Italian simultaneously with German or Swedish. We are concerned with cross-linguistic differences in the rate of acquisition and we discuss in particular the Nominal Mapping Parameter, a model according to which the syntax-semantics interface is crucial in acquisition and which predicts similar developmental
