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The mechanism, thermodynamics and kinetics of light-induced cyclic electron transfer have been studied in a model energy-transducing system consisting of solubilized Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center/light harvesting-1 complexes (so-called core complexes), horse heart cytochrome c and a ubiquinone-0/ubiquinol-0 pool. An analysis of the steady-state kinetics of cytochrome c reduction by ubiqu

The effect of hydrophilically modified polystyrene, poly(styrene-g-poly(ethylene oxide)), P(S-g-PEC), on the viscosity of ACT oil-continuous microemulsions has been investigated as a function of PS and PEO chain lengths and PEO chain density. A series of polymers, P (S-g-PEO) with PEO chain lengths of 23 or 9, and different graft densities were synthesized by living radical polymerization. Thus, a

Eleven adults spontaneously-hypertensive male rats (SHR) were studied 22 h or 7 days after a 2 h unilateral occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). Another 11 SHR were studied after 24 h or 7 days of permanent MCA ligation. The brain infarcts were significantly larger (P < 0.05) after permanent occlusion than after a 2 h occlusion. More extensive and widespread vasogenic oedema, emana

Concentrations of plasma lipoproteins in 10 men who were habitual smokers were monitored for six weeks after they stopped smoking and related to changes in diet and body weight. The energy intake increased by 10% (p less than 0.05) owing to a higher consumption of carbohydrates and fat, and body weight increased by 2% (p less than 0.01). Plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotei

Peroxidases, oxygenases and catalases have similar high-valent metal-ion intermediates in their respective reaction cycles. In this review, haem-based examples will be discussed. The intermediates of the haem-containing enzymes have been extensively studied for many years by different spectroscopic methods like UV-Vis, EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance), resonance Raman, Mossbauer and MCD (magn

Human L68Q cystatin C is one of the known human amyloidogenic proteins. In its native state it is a monomer with alpha/beta structure. Experimental evidence suggests that L68Q variant associates into dimeric intermediates and that the dimers subsequently self-assemble to form amyloid deposits and insoluble fibrils. Details of the pathway of L68Q mutant amyloid formation are unclear; however, diffe

Cooperatively breeding birds tend to exhibit high adult survival and relatively small clutch sizes. According to the life-history hypothesis for cooperative breeding, high survival creates conditions for philopatry based on difficulties that dispersers face when competing for territories in a landscape with slow territory turnover. However, this hypothesis evokes a puzzle because high fecundity sh

The development of this paper was inspired by the increase in the number of different eco-label like quality assurance schemes established in the European Union in the past few years. These schemes are flooding the market and the researchers raise the question, is there enough credibility in these schemes? This piece of research is based on 58 eco-labeling like food schemes and dissects them into

The principal aims of this thesis are to define suitable measures for safer pedestrian and cycle crossings on arterial roads, to implement these measures on a large scale and to acquire an insight into their effects on road users' safety, experiences, mobility and the environment, by creating a 30 km/h milieu at the above crossings. Two characteristically different types of measures, physical meas

In supersymmetric scenarios with broken R-parity, baryon number violating sparticle decays become possible. In order to search for such decays, a good understanding of expected event properties is essential. We here develop a complete framework that allows detailed studies. Special attention is given to the hadronization phase, wherein the baryon number violating vertex is associated with the appe