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We devise a stochastic and spatially explicit model for the dynamics of the initials cells in a stratified shoot apical meristem (SAM). The meristem is composed of three layers with seven initials per layer. We investigate the probability and number of divisions for a mutant lineage to either reach fixation or becoming purged through selection or drift. In contrast to previous studies our results
The mechanisms underlying biphasic insulin secretion have not been completely elucidated. We compared the pattern of plasma insulin changes during hyperglycemic clamps in mice to that of glucose-induced insulin secretion and cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+](c)) changes in perifused mouse islets. Anesthetized mice were infused with glucose to clamp blood glucose at 8.5 (baseline), 11.1, 16.7
Popular Abstract in Swedish Förekomsten av hjärt-kärlsjukdomar skiljer sig mycket mellan olika jordbruksbaserade samhällen, medan de praktiskt taget saknas helt bland samhällen som inte är baserade på jordbruk, såsom jägar- och samlarsamhällen. När man letar efter livsstilsfaktorer som skulle kunna gynna uppkomsten av kardiovaskulära sjukdomar verkar det därför logiskt att fokusera på livsstilen iThe prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) exhibits considerable variation across agrarian societies, whereas they are virtually absent in non-agrarian societies such as hunter-gatherer and horticultural societies. When looking for lifestyle factors which could promote CVD, it therefore seems logical to focus on the agrarian lifestyle and ways in which it departs from a non-agrarian lifestyle
Tadpole density dependence has repeatedly been studied in laboratories and mesocosms, but rarely in natural ponds. The present study manipulated density in three ponds; each pond was divided into one low density section and one high density section. The experiment was run for eight years, switching density treatments within ponds among years. This experimental design cannot definitively separate t
This Letter presents a proton fast field cycling Nuclear Magnetic Resonance study of the molecular dynamics in the region above the smectic A-isotropic phase transition in thermotropic liquid crystals. The proton spin-lattice relaxation time was measured as a function of temperature at different Larmor frequencies and the experimental results were interpreted in term of the Landau De Gennes theory
The title compound, cis-[ PtCl2( C4H10S) (2)], crystallizes in the space group P21/ n with pseudo- square- planar coordination geometry. The orientation of the ethyl groups on the S atoms is staggered with respect to the coordination plane, giving the complex approximate C(2)v symmetry. The complex does not form dimeric packing units with short Pt center dot center dot center dot S intradimeric di
BACKGROUND: Hip dislocation in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is a common and severe problem. The dislocation can be avoided, by screening and preventive treatment of children with hips at risk. The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of children with CP who develop hip displacement, in order to optimise a hip surveillance programme. METHODS: In a total population of children w
FeSiB tapes have long been commercialised for their excellent soft-magnetic properties but do not manifest a glass transition temperature Tg as crystallisation intervenes. In this work, we present the crystallisation and properties of two Fe-based glasses, which show a glass transition before crystallisation. Using Ni and Co substitution, we can design glasses that form primary FCC or BCC FeNiCo s
Two proteoglycans differing in size and composition were isolated from human follicular fluid. The larger one of high density had a molecular mass of 3.0x10(6) Da, as determined by laser light-scattering, and was substituted with 15-20 chondroitin sulphate (CS) chains (Mr 60000-65000). Half of the CS disaccharides were 6-sulphated, whereas the remaining ones were non-sulphated. Digestion of the CS
Degradation of vegetation and soil erosion has contributed to loss of biological productivity and land degradation in Iceland. This thesis focuses on spatial and temporal patterns of land degradation in Iceland from a geographical perspective both along short and long timescales. The activity of current degradational processes has been assessed by studying farmers' perception of the problem and co
This work is a study of burial rituals in Scania during the Early Iron Age. It is based on a systematic listing of all excavated or otherwise recovered graves from the period. Grave customs can be described as varied in Scania and uniform on Zealand. The material of Zealand represents an endogamic kinship structure. Scania is interpreted as having had a stable and more traditional, patriarchal, ex
In this paper we investigate the mutual information in speech between the spectral envelope of the high frequency band and low frequency bands of various widths. Direct methods on the computation of the mutual information often result in an excessive amount of data required even for modest situations. We reduce the required amount of data by quantizing the low band leading to a lower bound express
Natural convective heat transfer along a vertical surface is of great importance in many different areas, such as cooling, energy systems, ventilation, room heating and fire safety. In this study, a large eddy simulation (LES) of natural convection along a vertical isothermal surface was carried out to analyze the natural convection boundary layer and the convective heat transfer. The results incl
The aim of this study was to explore employed women's experiences of light or moderate arm lymphoedema following breast cancer treatment in order to gain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. Twelve women took part in a semistructured interview. A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was applied to analyse data. in order to integrate the experiences in the everyday life of the
Chloride profiles were measured on ten different concrete qualities. The effect of two different cements, an ordinary Portland cement, OPC, and a sulfate-resistent Portland cement, SRPC, with and without inclusion of silica fume and fly ash was investigated. The samples were exposed to a 3 wt% sodium chloride solution for 119 days. Two different preparations before exposure were studied. Both type
The derivation of human embryonic stem (hES) cells establishes a new avenue to approach many issues in human biology and medicine for the first time. To meet the increased demand for characterized hES cell lines, we present the derivation and characterization of six hES cell lines. In addition to the previously described immunosurgery procedure, we were able to propagate the inner cell mass and es
