Studies of circular DNA confined to nanofluidic channels are relevant both from a fundamental polymer-physics perspective and due to the importance of circular DNA molecules in vivo. We here observe the unfolding of confined DNA from the circular to linear configuration as a light-induced double-strand break occurs, characterize the dynamics, and compare the equilibrium conformational statistics o

Polymer films with embedded liquid crystal inclusions (polymer-dispersed liquid crystals) are superb composites for addressable windows, flexible displays and optical storage. Their scattering behavior and electro-optic properties depend essentially on the shape and size of the liquid crystal inclusions, which are typically formed by phase separation from a multicomponent homogeneous mixture. Here

Because music holds a strong power over people, and its impact on consumers is relatively direct, it is invariably an interesting medium for marketers. Although Sonic Branding – branding with music and sound – has been seen as ’the next big thing’ in branding toward consumers for about a decade, it is a scattered field still waiting for its breakthrough. Addressing this problem, the present consum

The rd1 natural mutant is one of the first and probably the most commonly studied mouse model for retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a severe and frequently blinding human retinal degeneration. In several decades of research, the link between the increase in photoreceptor cGMP levels and the extremely rapid cell death gave rise to a number of hypotheses. Here, we provide clear evidence that the presence o

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) was recently found to be expressed in human and mouse islets with different expression patterns. However, whether species-dependent expression pattern is a generalized phenomenon and whether islet DPP-4 activity is regulated are not known. This study was conducted to investigate DPP-4 localization in several different species, and to examine the impact of glucose, in

We have investigated the potential impact on organic aerosol formation from biotic stress-induced emissions (SIE) of organic molecules from forests in Europe (north of lat. 45° N). Emission estimates for sesquiterpenes (SQT), methyl salicylate (MeSA) and unsaturated C17 compounds, due to different stressors, are based on experiments in the Jülich Plant Atmosphere Chamber (JPAC), combined with esti

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are receptors believed to be important for regulation of cellular activation and inflammation. Several pathogenic microbes bind specific Siglecs via sialic acid-containing structures at the microbial surface, interactions that may result in modulation of host responses. Recently, it was shown that the group B Streptococcus (GBS) binds to hu

The current trend in biomass conversion technologies is toward more efficient utilization of biomass feedstock in multiproduct biorefineries. Many life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies of biorefinery systems have been performed but differ in how they use the LCA methodology. Based on a review of existing LCA standards and guidelines, this paper provides recommendations on how to handle key methodolo

Using both synchrotron-based photoemission electron microscopy/spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we obtain a complete picture of the surface composition, morphology, and electronic structure of InP nanowires. Characterization is done at all relevant length scales from micrometer to nanometer. We investigate nanowire surfaces with native oxide and molecular adsorbates res

In the field of renewable energy, self-provided research in developing countries is barely present, but most welcomed. The creation of know-how and self-development of technologies should reduce the dependence on industrialized countries for both materials and knowledge. This work presents technological and social issues related to the construction of a low budget solar laboratory in Mozambique. T

Background. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an option for the treatment of increased intracranial pressure resulting from an acute neurological insult, including insults caused by trauma. When the brain swelling has receded, the skull is reconstructed with a wide choice of materials, each with its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, cosmetic appearance, biocompatibility, implant s

We are currently witnessing a growing interest of network operators to migrate their ex- isting 2G/3G networks to 4G technologies such as long-term evolution (LTE) to enhance the user experience and service opportunities in terms of providing multi-megabit band- width, more efficient use of radio networks, latency reduction, and improved mobility. Along with this, there is a strong deployment of p

Hospital-based home care for children with cancer: a qualitative exploration of family members' experiences in Denmark The study aims to describe the experiences of a hospital-based home care programme in the families of children with cancer. Fourteen parents, representing 10 families, were interviewed about their experiences of a hospital-based home care programme during a 4-month period in 2009

Soil temperature (Ts) change is a key indicator of the dynamics of permafrost. On seasonal and interannual timescales, the variability of Ts determines the active-layer depth, which regulates hydrological soil properties and biogeochemical processes. On the multi-decadal scale, increasing Ts not only drives permafrost thaw/retreat but can also trigger and accelerate the decomposition of soil organ

Treatment of mucosal bleeding (epistaxis, gastrointestinal and menorrhagia) and joint bleeding remains problematic in clinically severe von Willebrand Disease (VWD). Patients are often unresponsive to treatment (e.g. desmopressin or antifibrinolytic therapy) and may require von Willebrand (VW) factor replacement therapy. There are little data on the use of prophylaxis in VWD and none applied in a

Highly monodisperse polystyrene/poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PS-PNIPMAM) core-shell composite microgels were synthesized and further nanoengineered in either ellipsoidal, faceted or bowl-shaped particles. Beside their anisotropy in shape, the microgel design enables an exquisite control of the particle conformation, size and interactions from swollen and hydrophilic to collapsed and hydrophobi

Light scattering is one of the few techniques available to adequately characterize suspended nanoparticles (NPs) in real time and in situ. However, when it comes to NPs in multicomponent and optically complex aqueous matrices - such as biological media and physiological fluids - light scattering suffers from lack of selectivity, as distinguishing the relevant optical signals from the irrelevant on

The standard procedure at mammography is to compress the breast in order to improve image quality, better separate tissue components and reduce absorbed dose to the breast. Traditionally, compression guidelines have been based on applied force, rather than actual thickness reduction. Structures such as the pectoral muscle are stiffer than breast tissue and if compressed along with it, as in the ML

Genetic variants have been associated with the risk of coronary heart disease. In this study, we tested whether or not a composite of these variants could ascertain the risk of both incident and recurrent coronary heart disease events and identify those individuals who derive greater clinical benefit from statin therapy.